The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measurement of the Effect of Amazon Smoke on Inhibition of Cloud Formation
Abstract
Urban air pollution and smoke from fires have been modeled to reduce cloud formation by absorbing sunlight, thereby cooling the surface and heating the atmosphere. Satellite data over the Amazon region during the biomass burning season showed that scattered cumulus cloud cover was reduced from 38%in clean conditions to 0%for heavy smoke (optical depth of 1.3). This response to the smoke radiative effect reverses the regional smoke instantaneous forcing of climate from –28 watts per square meter in cloud-free conditions to +8 watts per square meter once the reduction of cloud cover is accounted for.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., et al. (1996) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:tnyrp>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 28,360
Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
Cooper, R. N., Houghton, J. T., McCarthy, J. J., & Metz, B. (2002) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20033020 · Cited by 12,889
Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness
Albrecht, B. A. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.245.4923.1227 · Cited by 4,422
Aerosols, Climate, and the Hydrological Cycle
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., & Rosenfeld, D. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1064034 · Cited by 3,831
Dubovik, O., Holben, B., Eck, T. F., Smirnov, A., Kaufman, Y. J., King, M. D., Tanré, D., & Slutsker, I. (2002) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0590:voaaop>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 3,005
Self-citationRadiative forcing and climate response
Hansen, J., Sato, M., & Ruedy, R. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jd03436 · Cited by 2,241
A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system
Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., & Boucher, O. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01091 · Cited by 2,197
Self-citationClimate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
Menon, S., Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L., & Luo, Y. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1075159 · Cited by 2,124
Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Remer, L. A., Vermote, E. F., Chu, A., & Holben, B. N. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jd03988 · Cited by 1,699
Self-citationSuppression of Rain and Snow by Urban and Industrial Air Pollution
Rosenfeld, D. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1793 · Cited by 1,316
Cited by
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/jgrd.50171 · Cited by 6,385
A review of biomass burning: Emissions and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China
Chen, J., Li, C., Ristovski, Z., Milic, A., Gu, Y., Islam, M. S., Wang, S., Hao, J., Zhang, H., He, C., et al. (2017) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.025 · Cited by 1,262
Bounding Global Aerosol Radiative Forcing of Climate Change
Bellouin, N., Quaas, J., Gryspeerdt, E., Kinne, S., Stier, P., Watson‐Parris, D., Boucher, O., Carslaw, K. S., Christensen, M., Daniau, A. ‐., et al. (2020) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2019rg000660 · Cited by 1,116
Seinfeld, J. H., Bretherton, C., Carslaw, K. S., Coe, H., DeMott, P. J., Dunlea, E. J., Feingold, G., Ghan, S., Guenther, A. B., Kahn, R., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1514043113 · Cited by 940
What Limits Trees in C4 Grasslands and Savannas?
Bond, W. J. (2008) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173411 · Cited by 909
Metadata
- Authors
- Koren, I., Kaufman, Y. J., Remer, L. A., & Martins, J. V.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2004-02-27
- Volume
- 303
- Issue
- 5662
- Pages
- 1342-1345
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2158408478
- Cited by
- 722
- References
- 24
- FWCI
- 44.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Measurement of the Effect of Amazon Smoke on Inhibition of Cloud Formation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1089424
- The paper
- Koren, I., Kaufman, Y. J., Remer, L. A., & Martins, J. V. (2004). Measurement of the Effect of Amazon Smoke on Inhibition of Cloud Formation. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089424
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
