The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Middle Miocene Southern Ocean Cooling and Antarctic Cryosphere Expansion
Abstract
Magnesium/calcium data from Southern Ocean planktonic foraminifera demonstrate that high-latitude (∼55°S) southwest Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) cooled 6° to 7°C during the middle Miocene climate transition (14.2 to 13.8 million years ago). Stepwise surface cooling is paced by eccentricity forcing and precedes Antarctic cryosphere expansion by ∼60 thousand years, suggesting the involvement of additional feedbacks during this interval of inferred low-atmospheric partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ). Comparing SSTs and global carbon cycling proxies challenges the notion that episodic p CO 2 drawdown drove this major Cenozoic climate transition. SST, salinity, and ice-volume trends suggest instead that orbitally paced ocean circulation changes altered meridional heat/vapor transport, triggering ice growth and global cooling.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years
Pearson, P. N., & Palmer, M. R. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021000 · Cited by 1,771
Cited by
Coupling of CO 2 and Ice Sheet Stability Over Major Climate Transitions of the Last 20 Million Years
Tripati, A. K., Roberts, C. D., & Eagle, R. A. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1178296 · Cited by 403
Transcriptomic and genomic evolution under constant cold in Antarctic notothenioid fish
Chen, Z., Cheng, C.-H. C., Zhang, J., Cao, L., Chen, L., Zhou, L., Jin, Y., Ye, H., Deng, C., Dai, Z., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0802432105 · Cited by 256
Coupled Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic ice sheet expansion during the middle Miocene
Leutert, T. J., Auderset, A., Martínez-García, A., Modestou, S., & Meckler, A. N. (2020) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-020-0623-0 · Cited by 63
Stoll, H. M., Bolton, C., Jaggi, M., Martinez-Garcia, A., & Bernasconi, S. M. (2025) · Climate of the Past · doi:10.5194/cp-21-2189-2025 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Shevenell, A. E., Kennett, J. P., & Lea, D. W.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2004-09-17
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 5691
- Pages
- 1766-1770
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2070511571
- Cited by
- 574
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 10.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Middle Miocene Southern Ocean Cooling and Antarctic Cryosphere Expansion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1100061
- The paper
- Shevenell, A. E., Kennett, J. P., & Lea, D. W. (2004). Middle Miocene Southern Ocean Cooling and Antarctic Cryosphere Expansion. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100061
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
