The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Material Is the Machine
Abstract
Efforts are under way to manufacture electromechanical devices at ever smaller sizes. However, standard semiconductor technology places limits on how small such machines can be. In their Perspective, Bhattacharya and James explain how martensitic materials--which can distort reversibly without any diffusion taking place--may overcome this problem. Theoretical studies and preliminary experiments suggest that such materials can act as machines themselves, without the need for complicated construction of moving parts in the device.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Microstructure of Martensite: Why it forms and how it gives rise to the shape-memory effect
Bhattacharya, K. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198509349.001.0001 · Cited by 833
Self-citationA MEMS-based projection display
Van Kessel, P. F., Hornbeck, L. J., Meier, R. E., & Douglass, M. R. (1998) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.704274 · Cited by 612
Dynamics of ferroelastic domains in ferroelectric thin films
Nagarajan, V., Roytburd, A., Stanishevsky, A., Prasertchoung, S., Zhao, T., Chen, L., Melngailis, J., Auciello, O., & Ramesh, R. (2003) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat800 · Cited by 569
Thin film shape memory alloy microactuators
Krulevitch, P., Lee, A. P., Ramsey, P. B., Trevino, J. C., Hamilton, J., & Northrup, M. A. (1996) · Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems · doi:10.1109/84.546407 · Cited by 529
Crystal structures and shape-memory behaviour of NiTi
Huang, X., Ackland, G. J., & Rabe, K. M. (2003) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat884 · Cited by 380
Crystal symmetry and the reversibility of martensitic transformations
Bhattacharya, K., Conti, S., Zanzotto, G., & Zimmer, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02378 · Cited by 365
Self-citationPolla, D. L., & Francis, L. F. (1998) · Annual Review of Materials Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.28.1.563 · Cited by 317
Shape memory and ferromagnetic shape memory effects in single-crystal Ni2MnGa thin films
Dong, J., Xie, J., Lu, J., Adelmann, C., Palmstrøm, C. J., Cui, J., Pan, Q., Shield, T. W., James, R. D., & McKernan, S. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1643199 · Cited by 110
Self-citationPark, Y.-B., Ruglovsky, J. L., & Atwater, H. A. (2004) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1773373 · Cited by 31
Cited by
Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: a review
Sun, L., Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, C. C., Purnawali, H., & Tang, C. (2012) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.065 · Cited by 1,105
Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Wang, C. C., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., & Purnawali, H. (2010) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70128-0 · Cited by 747
Microwave synthesis and actuation of shape memory polycaprolactone foams with high speed
Zhang, F., Zhou, T., Liu, Y., & Leng, J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep11152 · Cited by 97
Metadata
- Authors
- Bhattacharya, K., & James, R. D.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2005-01-07
- Volume
- 307
- Issue
- 5706
- Pages
- 53-54
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1822722359
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Material Is the Machine. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1100892
- The paper
- Bhattacharya, K., & James, R. D. (2005). The Material Is the Machine. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100892
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
