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Formation of Glaciers on Mars by Atmospheric Precipitation at High Obliquity
Abstract
Surface conditions on Mars are currently cold and dry, with water ice unstable on the surface except near the poles. However, geologically recent glacierlike landforms have been identified in the tropics and the midlatitudes of Mars. The ice has been proposed to originate from either a subsurface reservoir or the atmosphere. We present high-resolution climate simulations performed with a model designed to simulate the present-day Mars water cycle but assuming a 45° obliquity as experienced by Mars a few million years ago. The model predicts ice accumulation in regions where glacier landforms are observed, on the western flanks of the great volcanoes and in the eastern Hellas region. This agreement points to an atmospheric origin for the ice and reveals how precipitation could have formed glaciers on Mars.
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At high obliquities, ice migration to equatorial and mid-latitude regions is predicted.
“Mars' obliquity has varied significantly throughout the Amazonian, however (Laskar & Robutel 1993), and at high obliquities ice migration to equatorial (Mischna et al. 2003; Forget et al. 2006) and mid-latitude (Madeleine et al. 2009) regions is predicted.”
From The Climate of Early Mars (2016) · cites this paper as Forget et al. 2006
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- The LMD Martian global climate model has been developed with the support of CNRS European Space Agency (ESA) and CNES in collaboration with the Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics group in Oxford University (UK). Much of this work was performed while F.F. was visiting the Space Science Division of NASA Ames Research Center as a Senior National Research Council fellow. We wish to thank J. Hollingsworth J. Schaeffer T. Colaprete and C. P. McKay for their support and advice. The research was also strongly motivated by the recent results from the ESA Mars Express mission within the scope of the Interdisciplinary Scientist Program. J.W.H. thanks the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program for partial support.
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The timing of martian valley network activity: Constraints from buffered crater counting
Fassett, C. I., & Head, J. W. (2008) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.009 · Cited by 475
Wordsworth, R. D. (2016) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012355 · Cited by 416
“Mars’ obliquity has varied significantly throughout the Amazonian, however (Laskar & Robutel 1993), and at high obliquities ice migration to equatorial (Mischna et al. 2003; Forget et al. 2006) and mid-latitude (Madeleine et al. 2009) regions is predicted.”
BackgroundWater on Mars—A Literature Review
Nazari-Sharabian, M., Aghababaei, M., Karakouzian, M., & Karami, M. (2020) · Galaxies · doi:10.3390/galaxies8020040 · Cited by 109
Evidence of Ice‐Rich Layered Deposits in the Medusae Fossae Formation of Mars
Watters, T. R., Campbell, B. A., Leuschen, C. J., Morgan, G. A., Cicchetti, A., Orosei, R., & Plaut, J. J. (2024) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2023gl105490 · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Forget, F., Haberle, R. M., Montmessin, F., Levrard, B., & Head, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Ames Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Forget, F.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2006-01-20
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 5759
- Pages
- 368-371
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2059288596
- Cited by
- 483
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 16.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- Martian glaciers, precipitation, obliquity, water cycle, ice accumulation, glacial landforms, Martian volcanoes, subsurface ice
- MeSH terms
- Atmosphere, Climate, Computer Simulation, Extraterrestrial Environment, Ice, Water, Mars
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