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Exposed Water Ice Deposits on the Surface of Comet 9P/Tempel 1
Abstract
We report the direct detection of solid water ice deposits exposed on the surface of comet 9P/Tempel 1, as observed by the Deep Impact mission. Three anomalously colored areas are shown to include water ice on the basis of their near-infrared spectra, which include diagnostic water ice absorptions at wavelengths of 1.5 and 2.0 micrometers. These absorptions are well modeled as a mixture of nearby non-ice regions and 3 to 6% water ice particles 10 to 50 micrometers in diameter. These particle sizes are larger than those ejected during the impact experiment, which suggests that the surface deposits are loose aggregates. The total area of exposed water ice is substantially less than that required to support the observed ambient outgassing from the comet, which likely has additional source regions below the surface.
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Most water resources on the Moon exist on the surface in the form of a mixture of water ice and regolith.
“In light of remote sensing data and theoretical models, most of the water resources on the moon exist on the surface of the planet in the form of a mixture of water ice and regolith, similar situations also exist on Venus, 83 comets, 84 and asteroids.”
From Energy system and resource utilization in space: A state-of-the-art review (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
Similar situations of surface water ice and regolith mixture exist on Venus, comets, and asteroids.
“In light of remote sensing data and theoretical models, most of the water resources on the moon exist on the surface of the planet in the form of a mixture of water ice and regolith, similar situations also exist on Venus, 83 comets, 84 and asteroids.”
From Energy system and resource utilization in space: A state-of-the-art review (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
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References 26 · Cited by 264
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- H. Campins, J. Licandro, J. Guerra, M. Chamberlain, E. Pantin, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc.35, 1011 (2003).
- M. A. Barucci, D. P. Cruikshank, S. Mottola, M. Lazzarin, in Asteroids III, W. F. Bottke, A. Cellino, P. Paolicchi, R. P. Binzel, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 2002), pp. 273â288.
- M. A. Barucci, A. Doressoundiran, D. P. Cruikshank, in Comets II, M. Festou, H. U. Keller, H. A. Weaver, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 2004), pp. 647â658 and references therein.
- J. M. Greenberg, in Comets, L. L. Wilkening, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1982), pp. 131â163.
Metadata
- Authors
- Sunshine, J. M., A'Hearn, M. F., Groussin, O., Li, J.-Y., Belton, M. J. S., Delamere, W. A., Kissel, J., Klaasen, K. P., McFadden, L. A., Meech, K. J., Melosh, H. J., Schultz, P. H., Thomas, P. C., Veverka, J., Yeomans, D. K., Busko, I. C., Desnoyer, M., Farnham, T. L., Feaga, L. M., Hampton, D. L., Lindler, D. J., Lisse, C. M., & Wellnitz, D. D.
- Affiliations
- Leidos (United States) (US)
- Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Chantilly, VA 20151, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Sunshine, J. M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2006-03-10
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 5766
- Pages
- 1453-1455
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2117564834
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 18.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- Comet 9P/Tempel 1, water ice deposits, comet surface, near-infrared spectroscopy, ice particle size, Deep Impact
- MeSH terms
- Ice, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Meteoroids
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