The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene
Abstract
We measured the elastic properties and intrinsic breaking strength of free-standing monolayer graphene membranes by nanoindentation in an atomic force microscope. The force-displacement behavior is interpreted within a framework of nonlinear elastic stress-strain response, and yields second- and third-order elastic stiffnesses of 340 newtons per meter (N m –1 ) and –690 Nm –1 , respectively. The breaking strength is 42 N m –1 and represents the intrinsic strength of a defect-free sheet. These quantities correspond to a Young's modulus of E = 1.0 terapascals, third-order elastic stiffness of D = –2.0 terapascals, and intrinsic strength of σ int = 130 gigapascals for bulk graphite. These experiments establish graphene as the strongest material ever measured, and show that atomically perfect nanoscale materials can be mechanically tested to deformations well beyond the linear regime.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
VI. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids
Griffith, A. A. (1921) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character · doi:10.1098/rsta.1921.0006 · Cited by 11,052
Research works printed but not linked: 27
- Q. Zhao, M. B. Nardelli, J. Bernholc, Phys. Rev. B65, 144105 (2002). · DOI
- 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.14013 · DOI
- J. P. Salvetatet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.82, 944 (1999). · DOI
- T. W. Tombleret al., Nature405, 769 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
- S. Xie, W. Li, Z. Pan, B. Chang, L. Sun, J. Phys. Chem. Solids61, 1153 (2000). · DOI
- 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5552 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1126/science.287.5453.637 · DOI
- B. G. Demczyket al., Mater. Sci. Eng. A334, 173 (2002). · DOI
- B. I. Yakobson, P. Avouris, in Carbon Nanotubes (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001), vol. 80, pp. 287–327. · DOI
- K. S. Novoselov et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.102, 10451 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
- M. Poot, H. S. J. v. d. Zant, Appl. Phys. Lett.92, 063111 (2008). · DOI · Paper page
- I. W. Frank, D. M. Tanenbaum, A. M. Van der Zande, P. L. McEuen, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B25, 2558 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- K. S. Novoselovet al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.102, 10451 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401 · DOI · Paper page
- R. N. Thurston, K. Brugger, Phys. Rev.133, A1604 (1964). · DOI
- F. Liu, P. M. Ming, J. Li, Phys. Rev. B76, 064120 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- R. Khareet al., Phys. Rev. B75, 075412 (2007). · DOI
- R. Al-Jishi, G. Dresselhaus, Phys. Rev. B26, 4514 (1982). · DOI
- Y. Huang, J. Wu, K. C. Hwang, Phys. Rev. B74, 245413 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.2511 · DOI
- J. F. Nye Physical Properties of Crystals (Oxford Univ. Press New York 1985).
- K. T. Wan, S. Guo, D. A. Dillard, Thin Solid Films425, 150 (2003). · DOI
- U. Komaragiri, M. R. Begley, J. Appl. Mech.72, 203 (2005). · DOI
- 10.1063/1.1659428 · DOI · Paper page
- N. M. Bhatia, W. Nachbar, Int. J. Non-Linear Mech.3, 307 (1968). · DOI
- B. Lawn Fracture of Brittle Solids (Cambridge Univ. Press New York ed. 2 1993). · DOI · Paper page
- E. Stolyarovaet al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104, 9209 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Atomically Thin MoS 2 : A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor
Mak, K. F., Lee, C., Hone, J., Shan, J., & Heinz, T. F. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.136805 · Cited by 15,586
Self-citationGraphene: Status and Prospects
Geim, A. K. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158877 · Cited by 13,942
Wang, H., Maiyalagan, T., & Wang, X. (2012) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs200652y · Cited by 3,618
Self-Assembled Graphene Hydrogel via a One-Step Hydrothermal Process
Xu, Y., Sheng, K., Li, C., & Shi, G. (2010) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn101187z · Cited by 3,251
Piezoelectricity of single-atomic-layer MoS2 for energy conversion and piezotronics
Wu, W., Wang, L., Li, Y., Zhang, F., Lin, L., Niu, S., Chenet, D., Zhang, X., Hao, Y., Heinz, T. F., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13792 · Cited by 2,287
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J. W., & Hone, J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-07-18
- Volume
- 321
- Issue
- 5887
- Pages
- 385-388
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2010971702
- Cited by
- 20,847
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 201.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1157996
- The paper
- Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J. W., & Hone, J. (2008). Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157996
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
