The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bottle-Nosed Dolphin: Double-Slit Pupil Yields Equivalent Aerial and Underwater Diurnal Acuity
Abstract
In bright daylight, and at best viewing distances, the bottlenosed dolphin resolves visual gratings approximately equally well in air and in water. Aerial resolution improves with increased viewing distance, while underwater resolution improves with decreased viewing distance. The double-slit pipil overcomes the gross myopia in air measured by ophthalmoscope and produces the indicated effects of viewing distance.
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“Research has shown that cetaceans do in fact possess strong visual acuity both above and below water [26], that belugas have good binocular vision [27], and that vision plays an important ecological role among cetaceans in prey capture, predator evasion and social interactions [28].”
From Evidence for mirror self-recognition in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
Citations
Cites
Aquatic and aerial vision in the bottle-nosed dolphin
Dral, A. D. G. (1972) · Netherlands Journal of Sea Research · doi:10.1016/0077-7579(72)90008-7 · Cited by 40
Visual acuity and discrimination learning in the dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)
Spong, P., & White, D. (1971) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(71)90245-7 · Cited by 29
In-air visual acuity of the bottlenose dolphin
Pepper, R. L., & Simmons, J. V. (1973) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(73)90268-9 · Cited by 25
Visual acuity of the killer whale (Orcinus orca)
White, D., Cameron, N., Spong, P., et al. (1971) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(71)90066-5 · Cited by 21
Underwater Distance Distortion within the Manual Work Space
Ono, H., O'Reilly, J. P., & Herman, L. M. (1970) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087001200507 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- DAWSON, W.W., CETOLOGY: 1 (1972).
- DRAL, A.D., AQUATIC MAMMALS 2: 22 (1974).
- HALL, N.R., CETOLOGY: 1 (1972).
- JAMIESON, G.S., FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY M 1: 469 (1972).
- MADSEN C.J. THESIS MCGILL U (1972).
- PEREZ, J.M., CETOLOGY: 1 (1972).
- POWELL, MJD, COMPUT J 7: 293 (1964).
- SCHUSTERMAN, R.J., BEHAV MARINE ANIM 2: 469 (1972).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Visual ecology and cognition in cetaceans.
Mobley, J. R., & Helweg, D. A. (1990) · Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0858-2_36 · Cited by 31
Evidence for mirror self-recognition in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)
Mildener, A., Buchman, D., Ragir, S., & Reiss, D. (2026) · PLOS One · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0348287
“Research has shown that cetaceans do in fact possess strong visual acuity both above and below water [26], that belugas have good binocular vision [27], and that vision plays an important ecological role among cetaceans in prey capture, predator evasion and social interactions [28].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Herman, L. M., Peacock, M. F., Yunker, M. P., & Madsen, C. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1975-08-22
- Volume
- 189
- Issue
- 4203
- Pages
- 650-652
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2002367813
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
- Keywords
- Tursiops truncatus, visual acuity, underwater vision, aerial vision, diurnal vision, myopia, viewing distance, fundus examination
- MeSH terms
- Air, Animals, Dolphins, Female, Iris, Light, Pupil, Seawater, Visual Acuity
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bottle-Nosed Dolphin: Double-Slit Pupil Yields Equivalent Aerial and Underwater Diurnal Acuity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1162351
- The paper
- Herman, L. M., Peacock, M. F., Yunker, M. P., & Madsen, C. J. (1975). Bottle-Nosed Dolphin: Double-Slit Pupil Yields Equivalent Aerial and Underwater Diurnal Acuity. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1162351
