Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 286

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Three-Stage Symbiosis Forms the Foundation of Seagrass Ecosystems

Open access
van der Heide, Tjisse, Govers, Laura L., de Fouw, Jimmy, Olff, Han, van der Geest, Matthijs, van Katwijk, Marieke M., Piersma, Theunis, van de Koppel, Johan, Silliman, Brian R., Smolders, Alfons J. P., van Gils, Jan A.·2012·Science

Abstract

Ancient Associations: Submarine seagrass meadows are critical to fisheries and coastline protection and provide feeding grounds for many endangered species, including dugongs and turtles, and serve as a nursery for coral reef fish. The persistence and maintenance of seagrass ecosystems have been mysterious, because accumulation of organic matter in the beds should rapidly lead to toxic sulphide levels in the sediment. Using a meta-analysis and a field study,van der Heide et al.(p.1432) atttribute the 100-million-year success of seagrasses to a three-stage symbiosis. Seagrass beds worldwide contain high densities of small lucinid bivalves that have symbiotic sulphide-oxidizing bacteria in their gills. This association appears to relieve any sulphide stress for seagrasses, while the lucinids and their symbionts profit from the accumulation of degradable organic matter and oxygen release from seagrass roots.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1219973

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 45 references

Cited by

See all 286

Metadata

Authors
van der Heide, T., Govers, L. L., de Fouw, J., Olff, H., van der Geest, M., van Katwijk, M. M., Piersma, T., van de Koppel, J., Silliman, B. R., Smolders, A. J. P., & van Gils, J. A.
Venue
Science
Published
2012-06-15
Volume
336
Issue
6087
Pages
1432-1434
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2117091952
Cited by
286
References
45
FWCI
11.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Three-Stage Symbiosis Forms the Foundation of Seagrass Ecosystems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1219973
The paper
van der Heide, T., Govers, L. L., de Fouw, J., Olff, H., van der Geest, M., van Katwijk, M. M., Piersma, T., van de Koppel, J., Silliman, B. R., Smolders, A. J. P., & van Gils, J. A. (2012). A Three-Stage Symbiosis Forms the Foundation of Seagrass Ecosystems. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1219973

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.