Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 738

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Survival of Mouse Embryos Frozen to -196° and -269°C

Whittingham, D. G., Leibo, S. P., Mazur, P.·1972·Science

Abstract

Mouse embryos survived freezing to -196°C. Survival required slow cooling (0.3° to 2°C per minute) and slow warming (4° to 25°C per minute). Depending on the specific rates used, 50 to 70 percent of more than 2500 frozen and thawed early embryos developed into blastocysts in culture after storage at -196°C for up to 8 days. When approximately 1000 of the survivors, including some frozen to -269°C (4°K), were transferred into foster mothers, 65 percent of the recipients became pregnant. More than 40 percent of the embryos in these pregnant mice gave rise to normal, living full-term fetuses or newborn mice.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.178.4059.411

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Cited by

See all 738

Metadata

Authors
Whittingham, D. G., Leibo, S. P., & Mazur, P.
Venue
Science
Published
1972-10-27
Volume
178
Issue
4059
Pages
411-414
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2942898131
Cited by
738
References
1
FWCI
21.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Survival of Mouse Embryos Frozen to -196° and -269°C. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.178.4059.411
The paper
Whittingham, D. G., Leibo, S. P., & Mazur, P. (1972). Survival of Mouse Embryos Frozen to -196° and -269°C. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.178.4059.411

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.