The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Water Salination: A Source of Energy
Abstract
The thermodynamically reversible mixing of freshwater and seawater at constant temperature releases free energy. Salination power as a resource is comparable with hydroelectric power in magnitude; U.S. freshwater runoff could yield over 10 10 watts. The energy flux available for natural salination is equivalent to each river in the world ending at its mouth in a waterfall 225 meters high. An osmotic salination converter could possibly operate at 25 percent efficiency. This energy source is renewable and nonpolluting. Although its full utilization would destroy estuarine environments, it might be practical for specialized purposes.
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Citations
Cited by
Salinity-gradient power: Evaluation of pressure-retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis
Post, J. W., Veerman, J., Hamelers, H. V. M., Euverink, G. J. W., Metz, S. J., Nymeijer, K., & Buisman, C. J. N. (2007) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.11.018 · Cited by 616
Pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation from salinity gradients: is it viable?
Straub, A. P., Deshmukh, A., & Elimelech, M. (2016) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c5ee02985f · Cited by 361
Microscopic Simulations of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors
Jeanmairet, G., Rotenberg, B., & Salanne, M. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00925 · Cited by 303
Metadata
- Authors
- Norman, R. S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1974-10-25
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 4161
- Pages
- 350-352
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1987078755
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Water Salination: A Source of Energy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.186.4161.350
- The paper
- Norman, R. S. (1974). Water Salination: A Source of Energy. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.186.4161.350
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
