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Cited by 382

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Spectral tuning of pigments underlying red–green color vision

Neitz, Maureen, Neitz, Jay, Jacobs, Gerald H.·1991·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.1903559
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Abstract

Variations in the absorption spectra of cone photopigments over the spectral range of about 530 to 562 nanometers are a principal cause of individual differences in human color vision and of differences in color vision within and across other primates. To study the molecular basis of these variations, nucleotide sequences were determined for eight primate photopigment genes. The spectral peaks of the pigments specified by these genes spanned the range from 530 to 562 nanometers. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences of these eight pigments suggest that three amino acid substitutions produce the approximately 30-nanometer difference in spectral peaks of the pigments underlying human red-green color vision, and red shifts of specific magnitudes are produced by replacement of nonpolar with hydroxyl-bearing amino acids at each of the three critical positions.

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  • Of the seven amino acids encoded by exon 5 that differ between human L and M opsins, three are involved in spectral tuning.

    “of which 3, indicated in Figure 1C, are involved in spectral tuning”

    From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Neitz, Neitz & Jacobs, 1991

  • Seven amino acids, all encoded by exon 5, are typically different between human L versus M opsins.

    “Seven amino acids, all encoded by exon 5, are typically different between human L versus M opsins”

    From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Neitz, Neitz & Jacobs, 1991

  • Of the five dimorphic amino acid positions specified by exon 3, only the serine-versus-alanine difference at position 180 produces a measurable shift in the spectrum.

    “Of the 5 dimorphic amino acid positions specified by exon 3, the most variable exon, only serine (S) versus alanine (A) at position 180 produces a measurable shift in the spectrum.”

    From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Neitz et al., 1991

  • Pigments with S180 have peak sensitivities at longer wavelengths than pigments with A180.

    “Pigments with S180 have peak sensitivities at longer wavelengths relative to pigments with A180.”

    From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Neitz et al., 1991

  • The absolute magnitude of the spectral shift is slightly larger for an S180A substitution in an L pigment than for an A180S substitution in an M pigment.

    “the absolute magnitude of the spectral shift is a little larger when an S180A substitution occurs in an L pigment versus when an A180S substitution occurs in an M pigment”

    From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Neitz et al., 1991

Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. DAWIS, S.M., POLYNOMIAL EXPRESSIONS OF PIGMENT NOMOGRAMS, VISION RESEARCH 21: 1427 (1981). · DOI
  2. DRATZ, E. A., TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 8: 128 (1983). · DOI
  3. JACOBS, G.H., INHERITANCE OF COLOR-VISION IN A NEW-WORLD MONKEY (SAIMIRI, SCIUREUS), PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84: 2545 (1987).
  4. JACOBS, G.H., COLOR-VISION POLYMORPHISM AND ITS PHOTOPIGMENT BASIS IN A CALLITRICHID MONKEY (SAGUINUS-FUSCICOLLIS), VISION RESEARCH 27: 2089 (1987). · DOI
  5. KOSOWER, E.M., ASSIGNMENT OF GROUPS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPSIN SHIFT AND LIGHT ABSORPTIONS OF RHODOPSIN AND RED, GREEN, AND BLUE IODOPSINS (CONE PIGMENTS), PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85: 1076 (1988).
  6. 10.1126/science.2937147 · DOI
  7. NEITZ, J, JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION 1: 1175 (1984). · DOI
  8. NEITZ, J, POLYMORPHISM OF THE LONG-WAVELENGTH CONE IN NORMAL HUMAN COLOR-VISION, NATURE 323: 623 (1986). · DOI · Paper page
  9. NEITZ, J, ANALYSIS OF FUSION GENE AND ENCODED PHOTOPIGMENT OF COLOR-BLIND HUMANS, NATURE 342: 679 (1989). · DOI
  10. NEITZ, J, POLYMORPHISM IN NORMAL HUMAN COLOR-VISION AND ITS MECHANISM, VISION RESEARCH 30: 621 (1990). · DOI
  11. NUNN, B.J., SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY OF SINGLE CONES IN THE RETINA OF MACACA-FASCICULARIS, NATURE 309: 264 (1984). · DOI
  12. SAKMAR, T.P., GLUTAMIC ACID-113 SERVES AS THE RETINYLIDENE SCHIFF-BASE COUNTERION IN BOVINE RHODOPSIN, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 8309 (1989).
  13. 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463 · DOI · Paper page
  14. ZHUKOVSKY, E.A., EFFECT OF CARBOXYLIC-ACID SIDE-CHAINS ON THE ABSORPTION MAXIMUM OF VISUAL PIGMENTS, SCIENCE 246: 928 (1989). · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Neitz, M., Neitz, J., & Jacobs, G. H.
Affiliations
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
1991-05-17
Volume
252
Issue
5008
Pages
971-974
ISSN
  • 0036-8075
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.1903559
Cited by
382
References
0
Language
en

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