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Gas Emissions and the Eruptions of Mount St. Helens Through 1982
Abstract
The monitoring of gas emissions from Mount St. Helens includes daily airborne measurements of sulfur dioxide in the volcanic plume and monthly sampling of gases from crater fumaroles. The composition of the fumarolic gases has changed slightly since 1980: the water content increased from 90 to 98 percent, and the carbon dioxide concentrations decreased from about 10 to 1 percent. The emission rates of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide were at their peak during July and August 1980, decreased rapidly in late 1980, and have remained low and decreased slightly through 1981 and 1982. These patterns suggest steady outgassing of a single batch of magma (with a volume of not less than 0.3 cubic kilometer) to which no significant new magma has been added since mid-1980. The gas data were useful in predicting eruptions in August 1980 and June 1981.
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“Although forecasts of the total eruptive episode duration remained elusive, a gradual decrease in sulfur dioxide emission rates between 1980 and 1982, and an increase in crystallinity of dome rocks through time, suggested progressive degassing of magma, consistent with waning eruptive activity and declining likelihood for strong explosions (Casadevall et al. 1983;Swanson et al. 1985).”
From Development of a volcanic risk management system at Mount St. Helens—1980 to present (2023) · cites this paper as Casadevall et al. 1983
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Research works printed but not linked: 14
- CASADEVALL, T, EOS, TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION 62: 1088 (1981).
- CASADEVALL, T, EOS, TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION 63: 174 (1982).
- CASADEVALL, T.J., U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1250: 193 (1981).
- CASADEVAL, T.J., U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1250: 221 (1981).
- CASHMAN, K.V., PETROLOGIC MONITORING OF 1981 AND 1982 ERUPTIVE PRODUCTS FROM MOUNT ST-HELENS, SCIENCE 221: 1385 (1983). · DOI
- DVORAK, J, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1250: 169 (1981).
- GERLACH, T.M., EVALUATION AND RESTORATION OF THE 1970 VOLCANIC GAS-ANALYSES FROM MOUNT ETNA, SICILY, JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH 6: 165 (1979). · DOI
- HARRIS, D.M., U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1250: 201 (1981).
- 10.1126/science.211.4484.816 · DOI
- LIPMAN, P.W., U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1250: 631 (1981).
- MELSON, W.G., U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1250: 641 (1981).
- SIGURDSSON, H, EOS, TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION 63: 601 (1982). · DOI
- STOIBER, R.E., MT ST-HELENS - EVIDENCE OF INCREASED MAGMATIC GAS COMPONENT, JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH 11: 203 (1981). · DOI
- SWANSON, D.A., U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1250: 157 (1981).
Cited by
Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes
Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Marta Lucia Calvache, V, & Lopez, D. (1992) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(92)90243-c · Cited by 148
Development of a volcanic risk management system at Mount St. Helens—1980 to present
Wright, H. M. N., Driedger, C. L., Pallister, J. S., Newhall, C. G., Clynne, M. A., & Ewert, J. W. (2023) · Bulletin of Volcanology · doi:10.1007/s00445-023-01663-y · Cited by 10
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Metadata
- Authors
- Casadevall, T., Rose, W., Gerlach, T., Greenland, L. P., Ewert, J., Wunderman, R., & Symonds, R.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1983-09-30
- Volume
- 221
- Issue
- 4618
- Pages
- 1383-1385
- ISSN
- 0036-8075
- 1095-9203
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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- Casadevall, T., Rose, W., Gerlach, T., Greenland, L. P., Ewert, J., Wunderman, R., & Symonds, R. (1983). Gas Emissions and the Eruptions of Mount St. Helens Through 1982. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4618.1383
