The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Quantum Mechanics of a Macroscopic Variable: The Phase Difference of a Josephson Junction
Abstract
Experiments to investigate the quantum behavior of a macroscopic degree of freedom, namely the phase difference across a Josephson tunnel junction, are described. The experiments involve measurements of the escape rate of the junction from its zero voltage state. Low temperature measurements of the escape rate for junctions that are either nearly undamped or moderately damped agree very closely with predictions for macroscopic quantum tunneling, with no adjustable parameters. Microwave spectroscopy reveals quantized energy levels in the potential well of the junction in excellent agreement with quantum-mechanical calculations. The system can be regarded as a "macroscopic nucleus with wires."
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Reaction-rate theory: fifty years after Kramers
Hänggi, P., Talkner, P., & Borkovec, M. (1990) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.62.251 · Cited by 6,154
Gammaitoni, L., Hänggi, P., Jung, P., & Marchesoni, F. (1998) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.70.223 · Cited by 5,443
Schoelkopf, R. J., & Girvin, S. M. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/451664a · Cited by 965
Consistent interpretations of quantum mechanics
Omnès, R. (1992) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.64.339 · Cited by 648
Decoherence of a superconducting qubit due to bias noise
Martinis, J. M., Nam, S., Aumentado, J., Lang, K. M., & Urbina, C. (2003) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.67.094510 · Cited by 301
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Clarke, J., Cleland, A. N., Devoret, M. H., Esteve, D., & Martinis, J. M.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1988-02-26
- Volume
- 239
- Issue
- 4843
- Pages
- 992-997
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1984056659
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Quantum Mechanics of a Macroscopic Variable: The Phase Difference of a Josephson Junction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.239.4843.992
- The paper
- Clarke, J., Cleland, A. N., Devoret, M. H., Esteve, D., & Martinis, J. M. (1988). Quantum Mechanics of a Macroscopic Variable: The Phase Difference of a Josephson Junction. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.239.4843.992
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
