A General Method for Site-specific Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids into Proteins
Abstract
A new method has been developed that makes it possible to site-specifically incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins. Synthetic amino acids were incorporated into the enzyme β-lactamase by the use of a chemically acylated suppressor transfer RNA that inserted the amino acid in response to a stop codon substituted for the codon encoding residue of interest. Peptide mapping localized the inserted amino acid to a single peptide, and enough enzyme could be generated for purification to homogeneity. The catalytic properties of several mutants at the conserved Phe 66 were characterized. The ability to selectively replace amino acids in a protein with a wide variety of structural and electronic variants should provide a more detailed understanding of protein structure and function.
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Experiments have demonstrated that the machinery of known life can be manipulated to incorporate many nonbiological amino acids into proteins during translation.
“Experiments have demonstrated that the machinery of known life can be manipulated to incorporate many nonbiological amino acids into proteins during translation (Bain et al., 1989; Noren et al., 1989; Chin et al., 2003).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Noren et al., 1989
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References 72 · Cited by 1,019
- Authors
- Noren, C. J., Anthony-Cahill, S. J., Griffith, M. C., & Schultz, P. G.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, and the Center for Advanced Materials, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.
- ORCID
- Schultz, Peter G.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1989-04-14
- Volume
- 244
- Issue
- 4901
- Pages
- 182-188
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2067013502
- Cited by
- 1,019
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 6.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
- Keywords
- beta-lactamase, suppressor tRNA, catalytic properties, protein engineering, synthetic amino acids
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, beta-Lactamases, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Escherichia coli, Mutation, Proteins, RNA, Transfer, Protein Biosynthesis
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