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Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
Abstract
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 × 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.
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Citations
Cited by
Many-body physics with ultracold gases
Bloch, I., Dalibard, J., & Zwerger, W. (2008) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.80.885 · Cited by 8,114
Cold Bosonic Atoms in Optical Lattices
Jaksch, D., Bruder, C., Cirac, J. I., Gardiner, C. W., & Zoller, P. (1998) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.3108 · Cited by 3,685
Maximally localized Wannier functions: Theory and applications
Marzari, N., Mostofi, A. A., Yates, J. R., Souza, I., & Vanderbilt, D. (2012) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.84.1419 · Cited by 3,283
Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices: mimicking condensed matter physics and beyond
Lewenstein, M., Sanpera, A., Ahufinger, V., Damski, B., Sen(De), A., & Sen, U. (2007) · Advances in Physics · doi:10.1080/00018730701223200 · Cited by 2,104
Carusotto, I., & Ciuti, C. (2013) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.85.299 · Cited by 1,996
Metadata
- Authors
- Anderson, M. H., Ensher, J. R., Matthews, M. R., Wieman, C. E., & Cornell, E. A.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1995-07-14
- Volume
- 269
- Issue
- 5221
- Pages
- 198-201
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1991602497
- Cited by
- 7,487
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 167.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Anderson, M. H., Ensher, J. R., Matthews, M. R., Wieman, C. E., & Cornell, E. A. (1995). Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5221.198
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