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Clinical Trials: IL-12 Deaths: Explanation and a Puzzle
Abstract
Researchers investigating toxic reactions that killed two patients in a trial of interleukin-12 earlier this year have reached a surprising conclusion: The drug is highly toxic if it is given in multiple high doses, but those effects can be avoided if the multiple doses are preceded by a single dose followed by a rest period. The initial dose apparently imprints a memory on the immune system, but the mechanism is unclear.
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“The administration of recombinant cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, interleukin-18, tumor necrosis factor [TNF], and interferon-γ) in animal models and for cancer treatment in humans induces severe toxic effects or lethality consistent with the central role of cytokines as mediators of hyperinflammation in cytokine storm.”
From Cytokine storm (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
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“As a result, systemic administration of cytokine doses that mimic this physiological mode of action are frequently accompanied by severe side effect”
BackgroundInterleukin-12: A Cytokine at the Interface of Inflammation and Immunity
Trinchieri, G. (1998) · Advances in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60387-9 · Cited by 760
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cohen, J.
- Corresponding author
- Cohen, J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1995-11-10
- Volume
- 270
- Issue
- 5238
- Pages
- 908a-908
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1609710757
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Keywords
- IL-12, drug toxicity, dose scheduling, immunological memory, cytokine therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Administration Schedule, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms, Macaca fascicularis, Recombinant Proteins, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Interleukin-12, Mice
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clinical Trials: IL-12 Deaths: Explanation and a Puzzle. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.270.5238.908a
- The paper
- Cohen, J. (1995). Clinical Trials: IL-12 Deaths: Explanation and a Puzzle. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5238.908a