Energy Conditions in the Epoch of Galaxy Formation
Open accessAbstract
The energy conditions of Einsteinian gravity (classical general relativity) do not require one to fix a specific equation of state. In a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe where the equation of state for the cosmological fluid is uncertain, the energy conditions provide simple, model-independent, and robust bounds on the behavior of the density and look-back time as a function of red shift. Current observations suggest that the “strong energy condition” was violated sometime between the epoch of galaxy formation and the present. This implies that no possible combination of “normal” matter is capable of fitting the observational data.
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The strong energy condition seems to be violated at the largest cosmological scales.
“However, SEC seems to be violated at the largest cosmological scales [50-54].”
From Alcubierre warp drive in spherical coordinates with some matter configurations (2023) · cites this paper as [51]
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References 17 · Cited by 218
- Authors
- Visser, M.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Visser, Matt
- ORCID
- Visser, Matt
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1997-04-04
- Volume
- 276
- Issue
- 5309
- Pages
- 88-90
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2037195717
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- energy conditions, strong energy condition, galaxy formation, FRW universe, equation of state, cosmic fluid, lookback time, density evolution
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