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Direct Condensation of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols Catalyzed by Hafnium(IV) Salts
Abstract
In order to promote atom efficiency in synthesis and to avoid the generation of environmental waste, the use of stoichiometric amounts of condensing reagents or excess substrates should be avoided. In esterification, excesses of either carboxylic acids or alcohols are normally needed. We show that the direct condensation of equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols can be achieved with the use of hafnium(IV) salts, such as commercially available hafnium(IV) chloride and hafnium(IV) tert -butoxide. The present method can be applied to direct polyesterification and may be suitable for large-scale operations.
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Cited by
Facile Conversion of Alcohols into Esters and Dihydrogen Catalyzed by New Ruthenium Complexes
Zhang, J., Leitus, G., Ben-David, Y., & Milstein, D. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja052862b · Cited by 803
Manabe, K., Iimura, S., Sun, X.-M., & Kobayashi, S. (2002) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja026241j · Cited by 401
A circular economy approach to plastic waste
Payne, J., McKeown, P., & Jones, M. D. (2019) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.014 · Cited by 385
Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-α,β-Unsaturated Esters via Carbene-Catalyzed Redox Esterification
Zeitler, K. (2006) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/ol052826h · Cited by 288
Manabe, K., Sun, X.-M., & Kobayashi, S. (2001) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja016338q · Cited by 215
Metadata
- Authors
- Ishihara, K., Ohara, S., & Yamamoto, H.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2000-11-10
- Volume
- 290
- Issue
- 5494
- Pages
- 1140-1142
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2028734310
- Cited by
- 336
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Direct Condensation of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols Catalyzed by Hafnium(IV) Salts. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.290.5494.1140
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- Ishihara, K., Ohara, S., & Yamamoto, H. (2000). Direct Condensation of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols Catalyzed by Hafnium(IV) Salts. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5494.1140
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
