The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mathematics Achievement of Chinese, Japanese, and American Children
Abstract
American kindergarten children lag behind Japanese children in their understanding of mathematics; by fifth grade they are surpassed by both Japanese and Chinese children. Efforts to isolate bases for these differences involved testing children on other achievement and cognitive tasks, interviewing mothers and teachers, and observing children in their classrooms. Cognitive abilities of children in the three countries are similar, but large differences exist in the children's life in school, the attitudes and beliefs of their mothers, and the involvement of both parents and children in schoolwork.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
IQ in Japan and the United States shows a growing disparity
Lynn, R. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/297222a0 · Cited by 256
Reading Disabilities: The Case of Chinese, Japanese, and English
Stevenson, H. W., Stigler, J. W., Lucker, G. W., Lee, S.-Y., Hsu, C.-C., & Kitamura, S. (1982) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129005 · Cited by 237
Self-citationCognitive Performance and Academic Achievement of Japanese, Chinese, and American Children
Stevenson, H. W., Stigler, J. W., Lee, S.-Y., Lucker, G. W., Kitamura, S., & Hsu, C.-C. (1985) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129761 · Cited by 223
Self-citationStigler, J. W., Lee, S.-Y., Lucker, G. W., & Stevenson, H. W. (1982) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.74.3.315 · Cited by 142
Self-citationIQ in Japan and the United States
Stevenson, H. W., & Azuma, H. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/306291a0 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Cited by
Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns.
Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. F., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., et al. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.2.77 · Cited by 2,913
Lepper, M. R., Corpus, J. H., & Iyengar, S. S. (2005) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.2.184 · Cited by 1,298
Toward a Knowledge Base for School Learning
Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1993) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170546 · Cited by 1,234
Wang, M.-T., & Degol, J. (2013) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2013.08.001 · Cited by 837
Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States.
Cousins, S. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.56.1.124 · Cited by 630
Metadata
- Authors
- Stevenson, H. W., Lee, S.-Y., & Stigler, J. W.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1986-02-14
- Volume
- 231
- Issue
- 4739
- Pages
- 693-699
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2026232989
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 40.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mathematics Achievement of Chinese, Japanese, and American Children. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.3945803
- The paper
- Stevenson, H. W., Lee, S.-Y., & Stigler, J. W. (1986). Mathematics Achievement of Chinese, Japanese, and American Children. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3945803
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
