Trans -Acting Transcriptional Activation of the Long Terminal Repeat of Human T Lymphotropic Viruses in Infected Cells
Abstract
The transcription initiation signals for retroviruses lie within the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences that flank the integrated provirus. Two subtypes of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) are associated with different disease phenotypes. In this article it is shown that marked differences exist in the ability of LTR sequences of these subtypes to function as transcriptional elements in differentiated cell types. It is also shown that trans-acting regulatory factors present in HTLV-infected cells stimulate gene expression directed by these LTR sequences in a type-specific manner. These results have implications for understanding the diverse biological effects of HTLV infection.
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The R region length varies among retroviruses: MMTV R is 15 nts, lentiviral R is roughly 100 nts, and HTLV-1 R is approximately 250 nts.
“Depending on the type of retrovirus, the length of the R region can be between 15 and 250 nucleotides (nts). For example, in MMTV, R is only 15 nts long, whereas in lentiviruses, R is roughly 100 nts in length, and in HTLV-1, R is ∼250 nts long (Sodroski et al. 1984, Moore et al. 1987, Coffin 1997, Ohi and Clever 2000).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Sodroski et al. 1984
Like HIV-1, HTLV-1 contains trans-acting regulators of transcription in the form of Tax protein and a Tax responsive element (TRE) in the LTR.
“Like HIV-1, HTLV-1 also contains trans-acting regulators of transcription in the form of Tax (protein) and Tax responsive element (TRE) in the LTR (Sodroski et al. 1984, Cann et al. 1985, Felber et al. 1985, Fujisawa et al. 1985).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Sodroski et al. 1984
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References 52 · Cited by 770
- Authors
- Sodroski, J. G., Rosen, C. A., & Haseltine, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1984-07-27
- Volume
- 225
- Issue
- 4660
- Pages
- 381-385
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2065716796
- Cited by
- 770
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 33.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- HTLV, HTLV-1, HTLV-II, long terminal repeat, retroviral transcription, transcriptional activation, trans-acting factors, cell type-specific gene expression, provirus integration
- MeSH terms
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Cell Transformation, Viral, Humans, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Retroviridae Infections, RNA, Viral, T-Lymphocytes, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Virus Activation, Deltaretrovirus
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