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Dating and Context of Three Middle Stone Age Sites with Bone Points in the Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire
Abstract
The extent to which the earliest anatomically modern humans in Africa exhibited behavioral and cognitive traits typical of Homo sapiens sapiens is controversial. In eastern Zaire, archaeological sites with bone points have yielded dates older than 89-15+22 thousand years ago by several techniques. These include electron spin resonance, thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence, uranium series, and amino acid racemization. Faunal and stratigraphic data are consistent with this age.
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Cited by
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Mcbrearty, S., & Brooks, A. S. (2000) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0435 · Cited by 2,718
Self-citationHenrich, J. (2004) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/4128416 · Cited by 1,066
The Origin of Modern Human Behavior: Critique of the Models and Their Test Implications
Henshilwood, C. S., & Marean, C. W. (2003) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/377665 · Cited by 735
Shennan, S. (2001) · Cambridge Archaeological Journal · doi:10.1017/s0959774301000014 · Cited by 579
The invisible frontier. A multiple species model for the origin of behavioral modernity
D'Errico, F. (2003) · Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.10113 · Cited by 532
Metadata
- Authors
- Brooks, A. S., Helgren, D. M., Cramer, J. S., Franklin, A., Hornyak, W., Keating, J. M., Klein, R. G., Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H., Smith, J. N. L., Stewart, K., Todd, N. E., Verniers, J., & Yellen, J. E.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1995-04-28
- Volume
- 268
- Issue
- 5210
- Pages
- 548-553
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2057164744
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 66.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dating and Context of Three Middle Stone Age Sites with Bone Points in the Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.7725099
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- Brooks, A. S., Helgren, D. M., Cramer, J. S., Franklin, A., Hornyak, W., Keating, J. M., Klein, R. G., Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H., Smith, J. N. L., Stewart, K., Todd, N. E., Verniers, J., & Yellen, J. E. (1995). Dating and Context of Three Middle Stone Age Sites with Bone Points in the Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7725099
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
