Observation of spatial charge and spin correlations in the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model
Open accessAbstract
Strong electron correlations lie at the origin of high-temperature superconductivity. Its essence is believed to be captured by the Fermi-Hubbard model of repulsively interacting fermions on a lattice. Here we report on the site-resolved observation of charge and spin correlations in the two-dimensional (2D) Fermi-Hubbard model realized with ultracold atoms. Antiferromagnetic spin correlations are maximal at half-filling and weaken monotonically upon doping. At large doping, nearest-neighbor correlations between singly charged sites are negative, revealing the formation of a correlation hole, the suppressed probability of finding two fermions near each other. As the doping is reduced, the correlations become positive, signaling strong bunching of doublons and holes, in agreement with numerical calculations. The dynamics of the doublon-hole correlations should play an important role for transport in the Fermi-Hubbard model.
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Analogue quantum simulation with ultra-cold neutral atoms has been performed in research labs for many years and is being used for various applications ranging from statistical physics and material science to high-energy physics and astrophysics.
“Analogue quantum simulation with ultra-cold neutral atoms has been performed in research labs since many years and is being used for various applications ranging from statistical physics [78] and material science, such as the investigation of high-temperature superconductors [79][80][81][82][83][84], or simulation of spin systems [85][86][87][88][89] to high-energy physics and astrophysics [90][91”
From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [79]
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Free fermion antibunching in a degenerate atomic Fermi gas released from an optical lattice
Rom, T., Best, T., van Oosten, D., Schneider, U., Fölling, S., Paredes, B., & Bloch, I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05319 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
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Quantum simulation of a Fermi–Hubbard model using a semiconductor quantum dot array
Hensgens, T., Fujita, T., Janssen, L., Li, X., Van Diepen, C. J., Reichl, C., Wegscheider, W., Das Sarma, S., & Vandersypen, L. M. K. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23022 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
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Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective
Wintersperger, K., Dommert, F., Ehmer, T., Hoursanov, A., Klepsch, J., Mauerer, W., Reuber, G., Strohm, T., Yin, M., & Luber, S. (2023) · EPJ Quantum Technology · doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-023-00190-1 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Cheuk, L. W., Nichols, M. A., Lawrence, K. R., Okan, M., Zhang, H., Khatami, E., Trivedi, N., Paiva, T., Rigol, M., & Zwierlein, M. W.
- Affiliations
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms (US)
- San Jose State University (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cheuk, Lawrence W.
- Nichols, Matthew A.
- Zwierlein, Martin W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2016-09-16
- Volume
- 353
- Issue
- 6305
- Pages
- 1260-1264
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2438200359
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 23.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- San José State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- National Defense Science and Engineering
- Fannie and John Hertz Foundation
- NSF
- NSF Division of Materials Research (1309461)
- Simons Foundation (343227)
- Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- Fundaçao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia on Quantum Information
- U.S. Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
- Keywords
- Fermi-Hubbard model, charge correlations, spin correlations, ultracold atoms, antiferromagnetism, doping, doublons, correlation hole, strongly correlated electrons, high-temperature superconductivity, two-dimensional lattice
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