Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose
Open accessAbstract
A boost from infection: During clinical trials of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines, no one who had survived infection with the virus was tested. A year after the pandemic was declared, vaccination of previously infected persons is a reality. Reynolds et al. address the knowledge gap in a cohort of UK health care workers given the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in which half of the participants had experienced natural virus infections early in the pandemic (see the Perspective by Crotty). Genotyping indicated that a genetic component underlies heterogeneity in immune responses to vaccine and to natural infection. After vaccination, naïve individuals developed antibody responses similar to those seen in naturally infected persons, but T cell responses were more limited and sometimes absent. However, antibody and memory responses in individuals vaccinated after infection were substantially boosted to the extent that a single vaccine dose is likely to protect against the more aggressive B.1.1.7 variant. It is possible that the messenger RNA vaccine has an adjuvant effect, biasing responses toward antibody generation. Science , abh1282, this issue p. 1418 ; see also abj2258, p. 1392
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mRNA vaccines induced robust circulating antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and spike RBD, with distinct early response patterns in naïve and recovered individuals.
“As reported previously by our group and others, mRNA vaccines induced robust circulating antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and spike RBD with distinct patterns of early response in SARS-CoV-2–naïve and –recovered individuals (Fig. 1B) (16, 34–36).”
From mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
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References 25 · Cited by 338
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- Authors
- Reynolds, C. J., Pade, C., Gibbons, J. M., Butler, D. K., Otter, A. D., Menacho, K., Fontana, M., Smit, A., Sackville-West, J. E., Cutino-Moguel, T., Maini, M. K., Chain, B., Noursadeghi, M., UK COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network, Brooks, T., Semper, A., Manisty, C., Treibel, T. A., Moon, J. C., UK COVIDsortium Investigators, Valdes, A. M., McKnight, Á., Altmann, D. M., Boyton, R., Abbass, H., Abiodun, A., Alfarih, M., Alldis, Z., Altmann, D. M., Amin, O. E., Andiapen, M., Artico, J., Augusto, J. B., Baca, G. L., Bailey, S. N. L., Bhuva, A. N., Boulter, A., Bowles, R., Boyton, R. J., Bracken, O. V., O’Brien, B., Brooks, T., Bullock, N., Butler, D. K., Captur, G., Champion, N., Chan, C., Chandran, A., Collier, D., Couto de Sousa, J., Couto-Parada, X., Cutino-Moguel, T., Davies, R. H., Douglas, B., Di Genova, C., Dieobi-Anene, K., Diniz, M. O., Ellis, A., Feehan, K., Finlay, M., Fontana, M., Forooghi, N., Gaier, C., Gibbons, J. M., Gilroy, D., Hamblin, M., Harker, G., Hewson, J., Heywood, W., Hickling, L. M., Hingorani, A. D., Howes, L., Hughes, A., Hughes, G., Hughes, R., Itua, I., Jardim, V., Lee, W.-Y. J., Jensen, M., Jones, J., Jones, M., Joy, G., Kapil, V., Kurdi, H., Lambourne, J., Lin, K.-M., Louth, S., Maini, M. K., Mandadapu, V., Manisty, C., McKnight, Á., Menacho, K., Mfuko, C., Mills, K., Mitchelmore, O., Moon, C., Moon, J. C., Munoz-Sandoval, D., Murray, S. M., Noursadeghi, M., Otter, A., Pade, C., Palma, S., Parker, R., Patel, K., Pawarova, B., Petersen, S. E., Piniera, B., Pieper, F. P., Pope, D., Prossora, M., Rannigan, L., Rapala, A., Reynolds, C. J., Richards, A., Robathan, M., Rosenheim, J., Sambile, G., Schmidt, N. M., Semper, A., Seraphim, A., Simion, M., Smit, A., Sugimoto, M., Swadling, L., Taylor, S., Temperton, N., Thomas, S., Thornton, G. D., Treibel, T. A., Tucker, A., Veerapen, J., Vijayakumar, M., Welch, S., Wodehouse, T., Wynne, L., Zahedi, D., & Chain, B.
- Affiliations
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK.
- James Wigg Practice, Kentish Town, London, UK.
- Harefield Hospital (GB)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Public Health England (GB)
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- St Bartholomew's Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Otter, Ashley D.
- Sackville-West, Jane E.
- Valdes, Ana M.
- Boyton, Rosemary
- Abiodun, Aderonke
- Alfarih, Mashael
- Amin, Oliver E.
- Andiapen, Mervyn
- Artico, Jessica
- Augusto, João B.
- Bailey, Sasha N. L.
- Bhuva, Anish N.
- Boulter, Alex
- Bracken, Olivia V.
- Captur, Gabriella
- Champion, Nicola
- Chandran, Aneesh
- Davies, Rhodri H.
- Diniz, Mariana O.
- Feehan, Karen
- Finlay, Malcolm
- Forooghi, Nasim
- Gilroy, Derek
- Harker, Gabrielle
- Hewson, Jacqueline
- Heywood, Wendy
- Hickling, Lauren M.
- Hingorani, Aroon D.
- Howes, Lee
- Hughes, Alun
- Hughes, Rebecca
- Itua, Ivie
- Lee, Wing-Yiu Jason
- Jones, Jessica
- Jones, Meleri
- Joy, George
- Kapil, Vikas
- Kurdi, Hibba
- Lambourne, Jonathan
- Lin, Kai-Min
- Mills, Kevin
- Moon, Christopher
- Murray, Sam M.
- Parker, Ruth
- Patel, Kush
- Petersen, Steffen E.
- Piniera, Brian
- Pieper, Franziska P.
- Rosenheim, Joshua
- Sambile, Genine
- Schmidt, Nathalie M.
- Seraphim, Andreas
- Simion, Mihaela
- Sugimoto, Michelle
- Swadling, Leo
- Taylor, Stephen
- Temperton, Nigel
- Thornton, George D.
- Veerapen, Jessry
- Welch, Sophie
- Wodehouse, Theresa
- Wynne, Lucinda
- Zahedi, Dan
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2021-06-25
- Volume
- 372
- Issue
- 6549
- Pages
- 1418-1423
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC8168614
- OpenAlex
- W3158748765
- Cited by
- 338
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 24.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome (214191/Z/18/Z, 207511/Z/17/Z)
- National Institute for Health Research
- Cancer Research UK (MR/S019553/1, MR/R02622X/1, MR/V036939/1, 2019SRC015, 860325, AA/18/6/34223, FS/19/35/34374, 207511/Z/17/Z, 214191/Z/18/Z, 26603, COV0331 MR/V027883/1)
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- UCLH Biomedical Research Centre (FS/19/35/34374)
- BHF (AA/18/6/34223)
- Cystic Fibrosis Trust (2019SRC015)
- EU HORIZON (860325)
- UKRI (MR/S019553/1, MR/R02622X/1, MR/V036939/1, National Core Study: Immunity (NCSi4P))
- Rosetrees Trust UK
- CRUK (26603)
- EU Horizon 2020 (860325)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, prior infection, BNT162b2, mRNA vaccines, single-dose vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha variant, Beta variant, cross-protective immunity, T cell response, B cell response, neutralizing antibodies, memory B cells, HLA polymorphism, healthcare workers
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