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Medical robotics—Regulatory, ethical, and legal considerations for increasing levels of autonomy
Abstract
A proposed framework for regulatory, ethical, and legal discussions identifies six levels of autonomy for medical robotics.
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Citations
Cited by
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Artificial intelligence meets medical robotics
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Zhou, X.-Y., Guo, Y., Shen, M., & Yang, G.-Z. (2020) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-020-0770-0 · Cited by 181
Self-citationLevels of autonomy in FDA-cleared surgical robots: a systematic review
Lee, A., Baker, T. S., Bederson, J. B., & Rapoport, B. I. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01102-y · Cited by 172
Macnamara, B. N., Berber, I., Çavuşoğlu, M. C., Krupinski, E. A., Nallapareddy, N., Nelson, N. E., Smith, P. J., Wilson-Delfosse, A. L., & Ray, S. (2024) · Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications · doi:10.1186/s41235-024-00572-8 · Cited by 97
Autonomy in surgical robots and its meaningful human control
Ficuciello, F., Tamburrini, G., Arezzo, A., Villani, L., & Siciliano, B. (2019) · Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics · doi:10.1515/pjbr-2019-0002 · Cited by 92
Vasey, B., Lippert, K. A. N., Khan, D. Z., Ibrahim, M., Koh, C. H., Layard Horsfall, H., Lee, K. S., Williams, S., Marcus, H. J., & McCulloch, P. (2023) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000005700 · Cited by 80
Endovascular Microrobotics for Neurointervention
Santiago-Dieppa, D. R., & Friend, J. (2024) · Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1146/annurev-control-060523-010720 · Cited by 12
(2025) · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713371 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, G.-Z., Cambias, J., Cleary, K., Daimler, E., Drake, J., Dupont, P. E., Hata, N., Kazanzides, P., Martel, S., Patel, R. V., Santos, V. J., & Taylor, R. H.
- Venue
- Science Robotics
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 2470-9476 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2598070036
- Cited by
- 741
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 13.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
