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Farnesol Biosynthesis in Candida albicans : Cellular Response to Sterol Inhibition by Zaragozic Acid B
Open accessAbstract
The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans produces farnesol as a quorum-sensing molecule that regulates cellular morphology. The biosynthetic origin of farnesol has been resolved by treating these cells with zaragozic acid B, a potent inhibitor of squalene synthase in the sterol biosynthetic pathway. Treatment with zaragozic acid B leads to an eightfold increase in the amount of farnesol produced by C. albicans . Furthermore, C. albicans cell extracts contain enzymatic activity to convert [ 3 H]farnesyl pyrophosphate to [ 3 H]farnesol. Many common antifungal antibiotics (e.g., zaragozic acids, azoles, and allylamines) target steps in sterol biosynthesis. We suggest that the fungicidal activity of zaragozic acid derives in large part from the accumulation of farnesol that accompanies the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis.
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“One is that C. albicans cells treated with various azoles produce increased levels of the quorum sensing molecule farnesol, which suppresses the transition from yeast to hyphae.”
From The synthesis, regulation, and functions of sterols in Candida albicans: Well-known but still lots to learn (2016) · cites this paper as [72]
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Quorum-sensing System in Candida albicans
Cho, T., Toyoda, M., Nakayama, H., Chibana, H., & Kaminishi, H. (2006) · Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi · doi:10.3314/jjmm.47.263 · Cited by 4
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Kamalakannan, A., & Sundaram, M. (2026) · ACS Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acsfoodscitech.6c00318
Metadata
- Authors
- Hornby, J. M., Kebaara, B. W., & Nickerson, K. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nickerson, Kenneth W.
- Venue
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2366-2369
- ISSN
- 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6596
- PMC
- PMC161837
- OpenAlex
- W2146402972
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, squalene synthase inhibition, sterol biosynthesis, quorum sensing, farnesyl pyrophosphate, antifungal antibiotics, fungicidal activity, dimorphic fungi, fungal cell morphology
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Farnesol, Sterols, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
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