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Norovirus Infectivity in Humans and Persistence in Water
Open accessAbstract
To examine the long-term infectivity of human norovirus in water, 13 study subjects were challenged at different time points with groundwater spiked with the prototype human norovirus, Norwalk virus. Norwalk virus spiked in groundwater remained infectious after storage at room temperature in the dark for 61 days (the last time point tested). The Norwalk virus-seeded groundwater was stored for 1,266 days and analyzed, after RNase treatment, by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect Norwalk virus RNA contained within intact capsids. Norwalk virus RNA within intact capsids was detected in groundwater for 1,266 days, with no significant log 10 reduction throughout 427 days and a significant 1.10-log 10 reduction by day 1266. Purified Norwalk virus RNA (extracted from Norwalk virus virions) persisted for 14 days in groundwater, tap water, and reagent-grade water. This study demonstrates that Norwalk virus in groundwater can remain detectable for over 3 years and can remain infectious for at least 61 days. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00313404.)
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Cited by
Contributing factors to disease outbreaks associated with untreated groundwater
Wallender, E. K., Ailes, E. C., Yoder, J. S., Roberts, V. A., & Brunkard, J. M. (2014) · Groundwater · doi:10.1111/gwat.12121 · Cited by 123
Foodborne and Food-Handler Norovirus Outbreaks: A Systematic Review
Hardstaff, J. L., Clough, H. E., Lutje, V., McIntyre, K. M., Harris, J. P., Garner, P., & O'Brien, S. J. (2018) · Foodborne Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1089/fpd.2018.2452 · Cited by 114
Wang, L., Hu, Z., Yin, H., Bradford, S. A., Luo, J., & Hou, D. (2023) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.12849 · Cited by 32
PARKKALI, S., JOOSTEN, R., FANOY, E., PIJNACKER, R., VAN BEEK, J., BRANDWAGT, D., & VAN PELT, W. (2017) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268817001017 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Seitz, S. R., Leon, J. S., Schwab, K. J., Lyon, G. M., Dowd, M., McDaniels, M., Abdulhafid, G., Fernandez, M. L., Lindesmith, L. C., Baric, R. S., & Moe, C. L.
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 6884-6888
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- OpenAlex
- W2108316195
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 14.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Seitz, S. R., Leon, J. S., Schwab, K. J., Lyon, G. M., Dowd, M., McDaniels, M., Abdulhafid, G., Fernandez, M. L., Lindesmith, L. C., Baric, R. S., & Moe, C. L. (2011). Norovirus Infectivity in Humans and Persistence in Water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.05806-11
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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