Environmental Surveillance System To Track Wild Poliovirus Transmission
Open accessAbstract
Eradication of poliomyelitis from large metropolis cities in India has been difficult due to high population density and the presence of large urban slums. Three paralytic poliomyelitis cases were reported in Mumbai, India, in 1999 and 2000 in spite of high immunization coverage and good-quality supplementary immunization activities. We therefore established a systematic environmental surveillance study by weekly screening of sewage samples from three high-risk slum areas to detect the silent transmission of wild poliovirus. In 2001, from among the 137 sewage samples tested, wild poliovirus type 1 was isolated from 35 and wild poliovirus type 3 was isolated from 1. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance indicated one case of paralytic poliomyelitis from the city. Phylogenetic analysis with complete VP1 sequences revealed that the isolates from environmental samples belonged to four lineages of wild polioviruses recently isolated from poliomyelitis cases in Uttar Pradesh and not to those previously isolated from AFP cases in Mumbai. Wild poliovirus thus introduced caused one case of paralytic poliomyelitis. The virus was detected in environmental samples 3 months before. It was found that wild polioviruses introduced several times during the year circulated in Mumbai for a limited period before being eliminated. Environmental surveillance was found to be sensitive for the detection of wild poliovirus silent transmission. Nucleotide sequence analysis helped identify wild poliovirus reservoir areas.
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Environmental surveillance was important in documenting wild poliovirus elimination from Egypt and India.
“ES has played a key role in documenting the elimination of WPV from Egypt and India [3, 4].”
From Environmental surveillance for polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
In suspected high-risk areas lacking effective AFP surveillance, supplementary surveillance activities, such as sampling community contacts of AFP cases, stool surveys of healthy children, or environmental sampling, have been implemented to increase sensitivity for detecting wild polioviruses.
“In suspected high-risk areas lacking effective AFP surveillance, supplementary surveillance activities, such as sampling community contacts of AFP cases, stool surveys of healthy children, or environmental sampling, have been implemented to increase sensitivity for detecting wild polioviruses (39, 48, 116, 131, 155, 190, 197).”
From VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUSES AND THE ENDGAME STRATEGY FOR GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION (2005) · cites this paper as [39]
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References 32 · Cited by 119
- Authors
- Deshpande, J. M., Shetty, S. J., & Siddiqui, Z. A.
- Affiliations
- Enterovirus Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India
- Corresponding author
- Deshpande, Jagadish M.
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2003-05
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2919-2927
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC154486
- OpenAlex
- W1967687964
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fecal contamination and water quality
- Keywords
- wild poliovirus, environmental surveillance, asymptomatic transmission, polio eradication, urban slums, Mumbai, acute flaccid paralysis, supplementary immunization activities, poliovirus type 1, poliovirus type 3
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Environmental Microbiology, Humans, India, Molecular Sequence Data, Poliomyelitis, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral, Population Surveillance, Poverty Areas, RNA, Viral, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sewage, Urban Health, Genome, Viral, Poliovirus, Capsid Proteins
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