The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Iron-Hydrogenase of Thermotoga maritima Utilizes Ferredoxin and NADH Synergistically: a New Perspective on Anaerobic Hydrogen Production
Open accessAbstract
The hyperthermophilic and anaerobic bacterium Thermotoga maritima ferments a wide variety of carbohydrates, producing acetate, CO 2 , and H 2 . Glucose is degraded through a classical Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and both NADH and reduced ferredoxin are generated. The oxidation of these electron carriers must be coupled to H 2 production, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. The trimeric [FeFe]-type hydrogenase that was previously purified from T. maritima does not use either reduced ferredoxin or NADH as a sole electron donor. This problem has now been resolved by the demonstration that this hydrogenase requires the presence of both electron carriers for catalysis of H 2 production. The enzyme oxidizes NADH and ferredoxin simultaneously in an approximately 1:1 ratio and in a synergistic fashion to produce H 2 . It is proposed that the enzyme represents a new class of bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase in which the exergonic oxidation of ferredoxin (midpoint potential, −453 mV) is used to drive the unfavorable oxidation of NADH ( E 0 ′ = −320 mV) to produce H 2 ( E 0 ′ = −420 mV). From genome sequence analysis, it is now clear that there are two major types of [FeFe] hydrogenases: the trimeric bifurcating enzyme and the more well-studied monomeric ferredoxin-dependent [FeFe] hydrogenase. Almost one-third of the known H 2 -producing anaerobes appear to contain homologs of the trimeric bifurcating enzyme, although many of them also harbor one or more homologs of the simpler ferredoxin-dependent hydrogenase. The discovery of the bifurcating hydrogenase gives a new perspective on our understanding of the bioenergetics and mechanism of H 2 production and of anaerobic metabolism in general.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Soluble confurcation processes have already been described, such as those involving multimeric hydrogenases (NADH and Fdred as electron donors for H2 production) [196] and the NfnAB transhydrogenase (NADH and Fdred as electron donors for NADP+ reduction) [89,198].”
From Early bioenergetic evolution (2013) · cites this paper as [196]
Citations
Cites
Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria
Thauer, R. K., Jungermann, K., & Decker, K. (1977) · Bacteriological Reviews · doi:10.1128/br.41.1.100-180.1977 · Cited by 4,146
Occurrence, Classification, and Biological Function of Hydrogenases: An Overview
Vignais, P. M., & Billoud, B. (2007) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr050196r · Cited by 1,617
Nelson, K. E., Clayton, R. A., Gill, S. R., Gwinn, M. L., Dodson, R. J., Haft, D. H., Hickey, E. K., Peterson, J. D., Nelson, W. C., Ketchum, K. A., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/20601 · Cited by 1,493
Classification and phylogeny of hydrogenases
Vignais, P. M., Billoud, B., & Meyer, J. (2001) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00587.x · Cited by 1,209
Fiala, G., & STETTER, K. O. (1986) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/bf00413027 · Cited by 932
Huber, R., Langworthy, T. A., K�nig, H., Thomm, M., Woese, C. R., Sleytr, U. B., & STETTER, K. O. (1986) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/bf00409880 · Cited by 778
The genome of Clostridium kluyveri , a strict anaerobe with unique metabolic features
Seedorf, H., Fricke, W. F., Veith, B., Brüggemann, H., Liesegang, H., Strittmatter, A., Miethke, M., Buckel, W., Hinderberger, J., Li, F., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0711093105 · Cited by 506
Li, F., Hinderberger, J., Seedorf, H., Zhang, J., Buckel, W., & Thauer, R. K. (2008) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01417-07 · Cited by 420
Energy conservation via electron-transferring flavoprotein in anaerobic bacteria
Herrmann, G., Jayamani, E., Mai, G., & Buckel, W. (2008) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01422-07 · Cited by 407
A simple energy-conserving system: Proton reduction coupled to proton translocation
Sapra, R., Bagramyan, K. A., & Adams, M. W. W. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1331436100 · Cited by 303
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–447 of 447
Insurmountable Hurdles for Fermentative H2 Production?
Jones, P. R., & Akhtar, M. K. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59555-3.00004-0 · Cited by 1
Of mothballs and old yellow enzymes
Sawers, R. G. (2014) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/mmi.12874 · Cited by 1
Alternative Biological and Biotechnological Processes for Hydrogen Production
Happe, T., & Marx, C. (2023) · Circular economy and sustainability · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27811-2_4 · Cited by 2
Bulka, O., & Edwards, E. A. (2025) · Microbiology Resource Announcements · doi:10.1128/mra.00515-25 · Cited by 1
Biohydrogen Production from Cellulosic Biomass
Levin, D. B., Jo, J. H., & Maness, P. (2012) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781849735063-00256 · Cited by 1
Genetic Modification of Thermotoga to Degrade Cellulose
Xu, H. (2015) · ScholarWorks@BGSU (Bowling Green State University) · Cited by 1
Measuring Metabolic Enzyme Performance
Williams-Rhaesa, A. M., & Adams, M. W. W. (2020) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0195-2_11 · Cited by 1
Self-citationExtremophiles and their Application to Biofuel Research
Taylor, M. P., Bauer, R., Mackay, S., Tuffin, M. I., & Cowan, D. A. (2012) · Extremophiles · doi:10.1002/9781118394144.ch9 · Cited by 1
Systems Biology Of Thermotoga Neapolitana For Biological Hydrogen Production
Munro, S. A. (2010) · eCommons (Cornell University) · Cited by 1
Ecophysiology of microorganisms in microbial elctrolysis cells
Croese, E. (2012) · doi:10.18174/231153 · Cited by 1
Abhyankar, W. R., Zheng, L., Brul, S., de Koster, C. G., & de Koning, L. J. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/598045 · Cited by 1
New Approaches to an Old Problem: Original Techniques in [FeFe]-hydrogenase ResearchPreprint
Land, H., Senger, M., Berggren, G., & Stripp, S. T. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0177.v1 · Cited by 1
Modelling and optimization of microbial production of hydrogen on agro-municipal wastes.
Sekoai, P. T. (2013) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)
Wie Anaerobier Ferredoxin reduzieren
Buckel, W. (2014) · BIOspektrum · doi:10.1007/s12268-014-0510-6
stability during the fermentation of key lignocellulose-derived substrates
Verbeke, T. J., Krokhin, O. V., Zhang, X., Schellenberg, J. J., Wilkins, J. A., Levin, D. B., & Sparling, R. (2013)
Gray, S. R. (2009) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)
Clostridium autoethanogenum involving electron bifurcation 2
Mock, J., Zheng, Y., Mueller, A. P., Ly, S., Tran, L., Segovia, S., Nagaraju, S., Köpke, M., Dürre, P., Thauer, R. K., et al. (2015)
Geier, R. R. (2016) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Anaerobic Thermophilic Mixed Culture Fermentation Processes
Zhang, F., & Zeng, R. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10961-5_17
Chapter 2 Microbiology of the Biohythane Production Process
(2016) · Pan Stanford Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315364612-3
Alternative biologische und biotechnologische Verfahren zur Wasserstoffherstellung
Marx, C., & Happe, T. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-60649-0_4
Hossain, M. E. (2019) · Mspace (University of Manitoba)
Fukuzumi, S. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527651771.refs
Brune, A. (2018) · Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria · doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01492
Bioenergetics Theory and Components | Flavin-Based Electron Bifurcation
Varghese, F., Zadvornyy, O. A., & Peters, J. W. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819460-7.00008-6
Field, M. C. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.727720455.793558298
Yakimov, M. M. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736348823.793566284
Anaerobic protist survival in microcosms is dependent on microbiome metabolic functionPreprint
Aguilera-Campos, K. I., Boisard, J., Törnblom, V., Jerlström-Hultqvist, J., Behncké-Serra, A., Cotillas, E. A., & Stairs, C. W. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.26.644077
Visser, M., Pieterse, M., Pinkse, M. W. H., Nijsse, B., Verhaert, P. D. E. M., Vos, W. M. D., Schaap, P. J., & Stams, A. J. M. (2016) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Wen, R., Chi, H., Feng, M., Zhao, Y., Ma, C., Liu, K., Yan, Q., & Liu, P. (2026) · Soil Ecology Letters · doi:10.1007/s42832-025-0371-6
Ostermann, N., Webb, S., Henriques, A. D. N., & Milton, R. D. (2026) · ACS Organic & Inorganic Au · doi:10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00106
DIVERGENT TRAJECTORIES FOR ANAEROBIC MITOCHONDRIAL EVOLUTION IN BREVIATE PROTISTSPreprint
Yi, Z., Williams, S. K., Leger, M. M., Brask, N., Salas-Leiva, D. E., Silberman, J. D., Eglit, Y., Simpson, A. G. B., Roger, A. J., & Stairs, C. W. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702055
Clostridial acidogenesis product profiles are discontinuous: a thermodynamic hypothesisPreprint
Odendaal, C., Verheijen, M. A., & González‐Cabaleiro, R. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.03.729792
Inverted Potentials Enhance Electron Bifurcation Efficiency Prior to Steady State
Terai, K., Hjelmstad, A. S., & Beratan, D. N. (2026) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6c01292
Molecular strategies for flux control in an electron bifurcation protein
Singh, N., Terai, K., & Beratan, D. N. (2026) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-026-02164-x
Zhang, B., Hrdý, I., Tachezy, J., Gao, Y., Williams, S. M., Fulcher, J. M., Munoz, N. M., Burnet, M., Baker, S., & O’Malley, M. (2026) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01643-26
Fermentation in the colon: A natural tool for nutrient efficiency and metabolic balance
Keerthana, M., Sivanandham, V., Chandrasekar, V., & Baskaran, N. (2026) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2026.103057
Moll, F., Tix, J., Pohl, F., & Tippkötter, N. (2026) · Hydrogen · doi:10.3390/hydrogen7040150
Energy conservation in syntrophic acetate oxidation
Oehler, D. (2014) · KOPS (University of Konstanz)
Metadata
- Authors
- Schut, G. J., & Adams, M. W. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 191
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 4451-4457
- ISSN
- 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5530
- PMC
- PMC2698477
- OpenAlex
- W2043953512
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 12.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Keywords
- Thermotoga maritima, anaerobic hydrogen production, ferredoxin, NADH, hyperthermophilic bacteria, carbohydrate fermentation, glucose metabolism, glycolysis, bioenergetics, hydrogenase mechanism
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Bacterial Proteins, Ferredoxins, Hydrogen, Hydrogenase, Iron-Sulfur Proteins, Models, Biological, NAD, Genome, Bacterial, Thermotoga maritima
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
