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Diverse genetic contexts of HicA toxin domains propose a role in anti-phage defense
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Prokaryotic organisms harbor a multitude of toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems, which have long puzzled scientists as “genes in search for a function.” Recent scientific advancements have shed light on the primary role of TAs as anti-phage defense mechanisms. To gain an overview of TAs it is important to analyze their genetic contexts that can give hints on function and guide future experimental inquiries. This article describes a thorough bioinformatics examination of genes encoding the HicA toxin domain, revealing its presence in no fewer than 14 unique genetic arrangements. Some configurations notably align with anti-phage activities, underscoring potential roles in microbial immunity. These insights robustly reinforce the hypothesis that HicA toxins are integral components of the prokaryotic anti-phage defense repertoire. The elucidation of these genetic contexts not only advances our understanding of TAs but also contributes to a paradigm shift in how we perceive their functionality within the microbial world.
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Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold
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Fast and accurate protein structure search with Foldseek
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Fast and accurate protein structure search with Foldseek
van Kempen, M., Kim, S. S., Tumescheit, C., Mirdita, M., Lee, J., Gilchrist, C. L. M., Söding, J., & Steinegger, M. (2024) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-023-01773-0 · Cited by 2,596
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gerdes, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Gerdes, Kenn
- ORCID
- Gerdes, Kenn
- Venue
- mBio
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2024-02-14
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e0329323-e0329323
- ISSN
- 2150-7511 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10865869
- OpenAlex
- W4390974206
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 3.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- mBio (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Keywords
- toxin-antitoxin systems, anti-phage defense, phage resistance, viperin, genetic context, prokaryotic immunity
- MeSH terms
- Antitoxins, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Prokaryotic Cells, Toxins, Biological
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