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Nitrogen Assimilation in Escherichia coli: Putting Molecular Data into a Systems Perspective

Open access
van Heeswijk, Wally C., Westerhoff, Hans V., Boogerd, Fred C.·2013·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

Abstract

SUMMARY: We present a comprehensive overview of the hierarchical network of intracellular processes revolving around central nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli. The hierarchy intertwines transport, metabolism, signaling leading to posttranslational modification, and transcription. The protein components of the network include an ammonium transporter (AmtB), a glutamine transporter (GlnHPQ), two ammonium assimilation pathways (glutamine synthetase [GS]-glutamate synthase [glutamine 2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase {GOGAT}] and glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH]), the two bifunctional enzymes adenylyl transferase/adenylyl-removing enzyme (ATase) and uridylyl transferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (UTase), the two trimeric signal transduction proteins (GlnB and GlnK), the two-component regulatory system composed of the histidine protein kinase nitrogen regulator II (NRII) and the response nitrogen regulator I (NRI), three global transcriptional regulators called nitrogen assimilation control (Nac) protein, leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp), and cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (Crp), the glutaminases, and the nitrogen-phosphotransferase system. First, the structural and molecular knowledge on these proteins is reviewed. Thereafter, the activities of the components as they engage together in transport, metabolism, signal transduction, and transcription and their regulation are discussed. Next, old and new molecular data and physiological data are put into a common perspective on integral cellular functioning, especially with the aim of resolving counterintuitive or paradoxical processes featured in nitrogen assimilation. Finally, we articulate what still remains to be discovered and what general lessons can be learned from the vast amounts of data that are available now.

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Metadata

Authors
van Heeswijk, W. C., Westerhoff, H. V., & Boogerd, F. C.
Venue
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Published
2013-12
Volume
77
Issue
4
Pages
628-695
ISSN
  • 1092-2172 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5557
OpenAlex
W1991509434
Cited by
287
References
23
FWCI
1.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Nitrogen Assimilation in Escherichia coli: Putting Molecular Data into a Systems Perspective. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/mmbr.00025-13
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van Heeswijk, W. C., Westerhoff, H. V., & Boogerd, F. C. (2013). Nitrogen Assimilation in Escherichia coli: Putting Molecular Data into a Systems Perspective. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00025-13

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