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Physiological and genetic responses of bacteria to osmotic stress
Open accessAbstract
The capacity of organisms to respond to fluctuations in their osmotic environments is an important physiological process that determines their abilities to thrive in a variety of habitats. The primary response of bacteria to exposure to a high osmotic environment is the accumulation of certain solutes, K+, glutamate, trehalose, proline, and glycinebetaine, at concentrations that are proportional to the osmolarity of the medium. The supposed function of these solutes is to maintain the osmolarity of the cytoplasm at a value greater than the osmolarity of the medium and thus provide turgor pressure within the cells. Accumulation of these metabolites is accomplished by de novo synthesis or by uptake from the medium. Production of proteins that mediate accumulation or uptake of these metabolites is under osmotic control. This review is an account of the processes that mediate adaptation of bacteria to changes in their osmotic environment.
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B. subtilis imports compatible solutes such as glycine betaine and proline to rebalance the ionic strength of the cytoplasm.
“To rebalance the ionic strength of the cytoplasm (45), B. subtilis imports compatible solutes such as glycine betaine (GB) and proline (46, 47).”
From A Central Role for Magnesium Homeostasis during Adaptation to Osmotic Stress (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
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Characterization of the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli K-12 as a function of external osmolarity
Cayley, S., Lewis, B. A., Guttman, H. J., & Record, M. T. (1991) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(91)90212-o · Cited by 486
Determination of turgor pressure in Bacillus subtilis: a possible role for K+ in turgor regulation
Whatmore, A. M., & Reed, R. H. (1990) · Journal of General Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-136-12-2521 · Cited by 236
Macaskie, L. E. (1991) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.3109/07388559109069183 · Cited by 234
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A Central Role for Magnesium Homeostasis during Adaptation to Osmotic Stress
Wendel, B. M., Pi, H., Krüger, L., Herzberg, C., Stülke, J., & Helmann, J. D. (2022) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00092-22 · Cited by 57
“To rebalance the ionic strength of the cytoplasm (45), B.”
BackgroundKathiriya, M. R., Vekariya, Y. V., & Hati, S. (2023) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-023-10104-3 · Cited by 50
Management of Osmotic Stress by Bacillus Subtilis: Genetics and Physiology
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Metadata
- Authors
- Csonka, L. N.
- Corresponding author
- Csonka, L N
- ORCID
- Csonka, L N
- Venue
- Microbiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1989-03
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 121-147
- ISSN
- 0146-0749 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC372720
- OpenAlex
- W2137180677
- Cited by
- 1,669
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 36.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Microbiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01-GM 3194401)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Keywords
- osmotic stress, solute accumulation, potassium, glutamate, trehalose, proline, betaine, turgor pressure, osmoprotectants
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Osmolar Concentration, Osmotic Pressure, Water-Electrolyte Balance
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