Intradermal infection and dissemination of Candida auris in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models
Open accessAbstract
Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen, predominately colonizes human skin leading to serious invasive infections in humans. Though it is assumed that skin colonization can lead to invasive infection, dissemination potential of C. auris from skin to internal organs is still unknown. In this study, immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models of intradermal skin infection were used to compare the dissemination potential of C. auris to internal organs. Our results suggest that C. auris persists in the skin tissue of both immunocompetent and immunocompromised infected mice even at 30 days post-infection. Furthermore, C. auris can readily disseminate from skin tissue to internal organs such as the spleen and kidney as early as 24 h post-infection and was detected until 30 days post-infection. Taken together, our findings for the first time indicate that murine skin intradermally infected with C. auris can readily disseminate to internal organs and cause invasive infections. IMPORTANCE: Candida auris is a multi-drug-resistant emerging fungal pathogen colonizes the human skin and causes life-threatening infections. However, whether C. auris can disseminate from the skin to internal organs is unclear. Understanding the dissemination potential of C. auris in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts is necessary to monitor susceptible individuals and to develop novel approaches to prevent and treat this emerging fungal pathogen. Using mouse models of intradermal C. auris skin infection, our findings report a novel observation that mice skin intradermally infected with C. auris can readily disseminate to internal organs leading to systemic disease. These findings help explain the colonization, persistence, and dissemination potential of C. auris in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts and reveal that skin infection is a potential source of invasive infection.
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C. auris skin infection leads to fungal dissemination, suggesting skin infection is a source of invasive fungal infection.
“Recent evidence from our laboratory indicates that C. auris skin infection leads to fungal dissemination, suggesting skin infection is a source of invasive fungal infection [9].”
From Single-cell transcriptomics unveils skin cell specific antifungal immune responses and IL-1Ra- IL-1R immune evasion strategies of emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
The OBSERVATION section reports dissemination from intradermally infected mouse skin to internal organs and describes skin infection as a potential source of invasive infection. But it also reports no detectable dissemination after epicutaneous infection, so the unqualified claim about C. auris skin infection is broader than the evidence. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredC. auris exhibits a striking predilection for colonizing the human skin, enabling nosocomial transmission and outbreaks of fungemia and deep-seated infections.
“C. auris exhibits a striking predilection for colonizing the human skin, enabling nosocomial transmission and outbreaks of fungemia and deep-seated infections [3–7].”
From Host–Candida auris interactions in the skin (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
The Observation section says C. auris mainly colonizes human skin, leading to nosocomial transmission and systemic infections. It does not specifically document outbreaks of fungemia or deep-seated infections; its findings on spread to internal organs come from mice. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIntradermal infection of mice leads to dissemination of fungi to kidneys and spleen.
“Although the intradermal infection of mice leads to the dissemination of fungi to kidneys and spleen [9]”
Unlike other Candida species, C. auris exhibits a distinct capacity for persistent skin colonization.
“Unlike other Candida species, C. auris exhibits a distinct capacity for persistent skin colonization.”
From Host–Candida auris interactions in the skin (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
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References 10 · Cited by 7
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- [4]Huang X, Hurabielle C, Drummond RA, Bouladoux N, Desai JV, Sim CK, Belkaid Y, Lionakis MS, Segre JA. 2021. Murine model of colonization with fungal pathogen Candida auris to explore skin tropism, host risk factors and therapeutic strategies. Cell Host Microbe 29: 210– 221. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.002 33385336 PMC7878403 · DOI · Paper page
- [5]Shastri PS, Shankarnarayan SA, Oberoi J, Rudramurthy SM, Wattal C, Chakrabarti A. 2020. Candida auris candidaemia in an intensive care unit - prospective observational study to evaluate epidemiology, risk factors, and outcome. J Crit Care 57: 42– 48. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.01.004 32062286 · DOI · Paper page
- [6]Proctor DM, Drummond RA, Lionakis MS, Segre JA. 2023. One population, multiple lifestyles: commensalism and pathogenesis in the human mycobiome. Cell Host Microbe 31: 539– 553. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.02.010 37054674 PMC10155287 · DOI · Paper page
- [10]Xin H, Mohiuddin F, Tran J, Adams A, Eberle K. 2019. Experimental mouse models of disseminated Candida auris infection. mSphere 4: e00339-19. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00339-19 31484737 PMC6731527 · DOI · Paper page
- [11]Bolaños-Meade J, Hamadani M, Wu J, Al Malki MM, Martens MJ, Runaas L, Elmariah H, Rezvani AR, Gooptu M, Larkin KT, et al.. 2023. Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. N Engl J Med 388: 2338– 2348. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2215943 37342922 PMC10575613 · DOI
- Authors
- Towns, K. A., Datta, A., & Thangamani, S.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thangamani, Shankar
- ORCID
- Thangamani, Shankar
- Venue
- Microbiology Spectrum
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2024-08-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e0012724-e0012724
- ISSN
- 2165-0497 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11302725
- OpenAlex
- W4399971856
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microbiology Spectrum (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1R01AI177604)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Keywords
- Candida auris, intradermal infection, fungal dispersal, systemic candidiasis, skin colonization, immunocompromised patients, immunocompetent patient, fungal persistence, emerging fungal pathogens, mouse infection model, spleen, kidney
- MeSH terms
- Candida auris, Animals, Candidiasis, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Immunocompetence, Skin, Immunocompromised Host, Mice
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