Polarization of light: Fourth-order effects and polarization-squeezed states
Abstract
The polarization properties of a monochromatic beam of light are ordinarily determined by three numbers, for example, the Stokes parameters. However, three numbers are no longer sufficient when intensity fluctuations in the polarized modes (or the correlation between them) are recorded. It is shown that in this case nine parameters, which can be arranged into 3×3 matrices, must be prescribed. The transformation properties of these matrices under polarization converters and the invariants of the matrices are analyzed. Specifically, the fourth-order polarization P 4 is introduced. Several examples are examined of light with “hidden” polarization—light which is not polarized in the ordinary sense ( P 2 =0) but is polarized in fourth order ( P 4 ≠0)—as well as “polarization-squeezed” light in which the quantum fluctuations of the Stokes parameters are suppressed.
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A part of the transformed density matrix with non-zero lines and columns coincides with the 3×3 coherence matrix [17,18] (4.8).
“A part of this matrix with non-zero lines and columns coincides with the 3 × 3 coherence matrix [17,18]”
From Entanglement of biphoton states: qutrits and ququarts (2011) · cites this paper as [17]
Cites
Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference
Hong, C. K., Ou, Z. Y., & Mandel, L. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.2044 · Cited by 4,369 · see citing works
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Polarization states of four-dimensional systems based on biphotons
Bogdanov, Y. I., Moreva, E. V., Maslennikov, G. A., Galeev, R. F., Straupe, S. S., & Kulik, S. P. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.73.063810 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Entanglement of biphoton states: qutrits and ququarts
Fedorov, M. V., Volkov, P. A., Mikhailova, J. M., Straupe, S. S., & Kulik, S. P. (2011) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/8/083004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Fedorov, M. (2013) · The European Physical Journal D · doi:10.1140/epjd/e2013-30579-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Klyshko, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Klyshko, D. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics
- Publisher
- Pleiades Publishing Ltd
- Published
- 1997-06
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1065-1079
- ISSN
- 0038-5646 (ISSN-L)
- 1063-7761
- 1090-6509
- OpenAlex
- W1995055909
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- Stokes parameters, intensity fluctuations, polarization converter, quantum fluctuations, quantum optics
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