CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 80Genital Health and DiseaseUrological Disorders and TreatmentsChild Abuse and Trauma

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and sexual abuse.

Open access
Warrington, S A, de San Lazaro, C·1996·Archives of Disease in Childhood
DOI 10.1136/adc.75.6.512PMC PMC1511802
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

AIMS: The aetiology of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is unknown. A series of 42 cases of this uncommon condition is reported. The aim of this study was to identify associations of LSA and document the association with sexual abuse. METHODS: Information about the patients was obtained by retrospective case note review and some patients were contacted by telephone for further information. RESULTS: In 12 cases there was evidence of sexual abuse. The abused group were slightly older than the non-abused group but were similar in all other respects. All three patients who presented over the age of 12 years had evidence of sexual abuse. Genital trauma was recalled by the patient or found at examination in 17 cases. Evidence of autoimmunity was present in five cases. Positive microbiological isolates were obtained in 18 cases. In only 11 cases were there no associated factors. The symptoms of LSA started between the ages of 3 and 7 years in most patients. The usual symptoms were related to genital skin involvement, and symptoms related to bladder and bowel function were common (50%). CONCLUSION: In this large series of paediatric LSA, associations with trauma, autoimmunity, and infection were noted. There was a high rate of coexisting sexual abuse with LSA, possibly due to genital trauma.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/adc.75.6.512

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Goolamali SK, Barnes EW, Irvine WJ, Shuster S. Organspecific antibodies in patients with lichen sclerosus. BMJ 1974;iv:78-9.
  2. de San Lazaro C. Lichen sclerosus [letter]. Arch Dis Child 1990;65:1 184.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 80

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Warrington, S. A., & de San Lazaro, C.
Affiliations
Royal Victoria Infirmary (GB)
Venue
Archives of Disease in Childhood
Publisher
BMJ
Published
1996-12-01
Volume
75
Issue
6
Pages
512-516
ISSN
  • 0003-9888 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-2044
DOI
10.1136/adc.75.6.512
PMC
PMC1511802
OpenAlex
W2171856339
Cited by
80
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI
2.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Genital Health and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords
lichen sclerosus, sexual abuse, genital trauma, pediatric patients, autoimmunity, infection, etiology, bowel and bladder dysfunction, childhood onset
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Age Factors, Autoimmune Diseases, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Genitalia, Female, Humans, Referral and Consultation, Retrospective Studies, Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and sexual abuse. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1136/adc.75.6.512
The paper
Warrington, S. A., & de San Lazaro, C. (1996). Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and sexual abuse. Archives of Disease in Childhood. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.75.6.512