The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
From reading books to increased smart device screen time
Abstract
The number of people with myopia is expected to rise from 1.950 billion in 2010 to 4.758 billion by 2050.1 In Asia, the prevalence of myopia in teenagers has been reported to be as high as 96.5%.2 One study demonstrated that 11% of Singaporean preschoolers were already myopic, placing them at a significantly higher risk of developing high myopia and myopic macular degeneration.3 This myopia ‘epidemic’ has become a profound public health concern. In Singapore, the direct cost of managing myopia was estimated at US$755 million annually, and globally at US$328 billion per year.4 It is now thought that because of the rapid increase in the prevalence of myopia in under one generation, environmental factors perhaps play a greater role in its development than our genes. Environmental risk factors include urbanisation, higher educational attainment, higher IQ, but more important has been two consistent risk factors: increased near-work activity and reduced outdoor activity.5 Studies often quantify near-work activity by the number of books …
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Children and young adults are now exposed to another possible environmental risk factor for myopia - digital devices.
“Children and young adults are now exposed to another possible environmental risk factor for myopia -digital devices.12”
From Smartphone use as a possible risk factor for myopia (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
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Screen time is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance in children
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Smartphone use as a possible risk factor for myopia
Mccrann, S., Loughman, J., Butler, J. S., Paudel, N., & Flitcroft, D. I. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1111/cxo.13092 · Cited by 123
Metadata
- Authors
- Dirani, M., Crowston, J. G., & Wong, T. Y.
- Affiliations
- Singapore National Eye Center (SG)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Tien Y
- ORCID
- Wong, Tien Y
- Venue
- British Journal of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2018-11-06
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-2
- ISSN
- 0007-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2079
- OpenAlex
- W2900287757
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- myopia, myopia prevalence, screen time, smart devices, outdoor activities, environmental risk factors, myopic macular degeneration, high myopia, reading books
- MeSH terms
- Screen Time, Humans, Myopia, Reading, Computers, Handheld
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