Wound dressings

Abstract

Traditionally wet-to-dry gauze has been used to dress wounds.Dressings that create and maintain a moist environment, however, are now considered to provide the optimal conditions for wound healing.Moisture under occlusive dressings not only increases the rate of epithelialisation but also promotes healing through moisture itself and the presence initially of a low oxygen tension (promoting the inflammatory phase).Gauze does not exhibit these properties; it may be disruptive to the healing wound as it dries and cause tissue damage when it is removed.It is not now widely used in the United Kingdom.Occlusive dressings are thought to increase cell proliferation and activity by retaining an optimum level of wound exudate, which contains vital proteins and cytokines produced in response to injury.These facilitate autolytic debridement of the wound and promote healing.Concerns of increased risk of infection under occlusive dressings have not been substantiated in clinical trials.This article describes wound dressings currently available in the UK. Low adherent dressingsLow adherent dressings are cheap and widely available.Their major function is to allow exudate to pass through into a secondary dressing while maintaining a moist wound bed.Most are manufactured in the form of tulles, which are open weave cloth soaked in soft paraffin or chlorhexidine; textiles; or multilayered or perforated plastic films.They are designed to reduce adherence at the wound bed and are particularly useful for patients with sensitive or fragile skin.