The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Different combined oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview of the risk of venous thrombosis in women using different combined oral contraceptives. DESIGN: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Academic Search Premier, and ScienceDirect up to 22 April 2013. REVIEW METHODS: Observational studies that assessed the effect of combined oral contraceptives on venous thrombosis in healthy women. The primary outcome of interest was a fatal or non-fatal first event of venous thrombosis with the main focus on deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Publications with at least 10 events in total were eligible. The network meta-analysis was performed using an extension of frequentist random effects models for mixed multiple treatment comparisons. Unadjusted relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were reported. The requirement for crude numbers did not allow adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: 3110 publications were retrieved through a search strategy; 25 publications reporting on 26 studies were included. Incidence of venous thrombosis in non-users from two included cohorts was 1.9 and 3.7 per 10,000 woman years, in line with previously reported incidences of 1-6 per 10,000 woman years. Use of combined oral contraceptives increased the risk of venous thrombosis compared with non-use (relative risk 3.5, 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 4.3). The relative risk of venous thrombosis for combined oral contraceptives with 30-35 µg ethinylestradiol and gestodene, desogestrel, cyproterone acetate, or drospirenone were similar and about 50-80% higher than for combined oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel. A dose related effect of ethinylestradiol was observed for gestodene, desogestrel, and levonorgestrel, with higher doses being associated with higher thrombosis risk. CONCLUSION: All combined oral contraceptives investigated in this analysis were associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. The effect size depended both on the progestogen used and the dose of ethinylestradiol.
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Cites
Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population‐based study
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Accuracy of clinical assessment of deep-vein thrombosis
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Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study
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Self-citationInman, W. H. W., Vessey, M. P., Westerholm, B., & Engelund, A. (1970) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5703.203 · Cited by 611
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Self-citationOral Contraceptives and the Risk of Venous Thrombosis
Vandenbroucke, J. P., Rosing, J., Bloemenkamp, K. W. M., Middeldorp, S., Helmerhorst, F. M., Bouma, B. N., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105173442007 · Cited by 579
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Cited by
Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2385 · Cited by 8,269
Martin, K. A., Anderson, R. R., Chang, R. J., Ehrmann, D. A., Lobo, R. A., Murad, M. H., Pugeat, M. M., & Rosenfield, R. L. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-00241 · Cited by 339
Dragoman, M. V., Tepper, N. K., Fu, R., Curtis, K. M., Chou, R., & Gaffield, M. E. (2018) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.12455 · Cited by 253
Hormonal contraceptives: pharmacology tailored to women's health
De Leo, V., Musacchio, M. C., Cappelli, V., Piomboni, P., & Morgante, G. (2016) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw016 · Cited by 188
European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Endocrine work-up in obesity
Pasquali, R., Casanueva, F., Haluzik, M., van Hulsteijn, L., Ledoux, S., Monteiro, M. P., Salvador, J., Santini, F., Toplak, H., & Dekkers, O. M. (2020) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-19-0893 · Cited by 188
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stegeman, B. H., de Bastos, M., Rosendaal, F. R., van Hylckama Vlieg, A., Helmerhorst, F. M., Stijnen, T., & Dekkers, O. M.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2013-09-12
- Volume
- 347
- Issue
- sep12 1
- Pages
- f5298-f5298
- ISSN
- 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2153137569
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 60
- FWCI
- 6.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- Stegeman, B. H., de Bastos, M., Rosendaal, F. R., van Hylckama Vlieg, A., Helmerhorst, F. M., Stijnen, T., & Dekkers, O. M. (2013). Different combined oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5298
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