The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Subcutaneous apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Open accessAbstract
Apomorphine a dopamine receptor agonist was given subcutaneously to 57 levodopa treated parkinsonian patients with refractory off-period disabilities for a median period of 16 months. In 30 given intermittent suprathreshold injections the mean number of hours spent in a disabling off state fell from 6.9 to 2.9. Similar benefit was observed in 21 patients receiving continuous infusions with additional boluses on demand by mini-pump (mean reduction of hours off from 9.9 to 4.5). Twelve patients have been treated for over two years without tachyphylaxis or loss of response. The incidence of neuropsychiatric side-effects has been low (7%). Six patients failed to show a sustained worthwhile response; severe disabilities during "on" periods being the major problem. Subcutaneous apomorphine is proposed as an effective treatment for patients with incapacitating "off" period disabilities refractory to oral medication and should be considered before experimental implantation procedures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Poewe, W., Seppi, K., Tanner, C. M., Halliday, G. M., Brundin, P., Volkmann, J., Schrag, A.-E., & Lang, A. E. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.13 · Cited by 5,415
Lees, A. J., Hardy, J., & Revesz, T. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60492-x · Cited by 1,956
Self-citationThe scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease (2009)
Olanow, C. W., Stern, M. B., & Sethi, K. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a1d44c · Cited by 908
Signaling pathways in Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Dong-Chen, X., Yong, C., Yang, X., Chen-Yu, S., & Li-Hua, P. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01353-3 · Cited by 469
Jenkins, I. H., Fernandez, W., Playford, E. D., Lees, A. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Passingham, R. E., & Brooks, D. J. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320608 · Cited by 419
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Frankel, J. P., Lees, A. J., Kempster, P. A., & Stern, G. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1990-02-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 96-101
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2132528735
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 14.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Subcutaneous apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1136/jnnp.53.2.96
- The paper
- Frankel, J. P., Lees, A. J., Kempster, P. A., & Stern, G. M. (1990). Subcutaneous apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.53.2.96
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
