The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 29 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Effects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), as commonly measured in atmospheric urban air pollution and certain occupational environments, on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men, and the possible need for tighter restrictions on ambient concentrations of CO. METHODS: 15 young, healthy non-smoking men, 18-35 years old, were exposed blindly and randomly to air or to a mixture of CO and air, followed by an exercise treadmill test with thallium heart scintigraphy. Blood was drawn for determination of carboxyhaemoglobin before and at the end of the exposure, and for lactic and pyruvic acid at the beginning and the end of the exercise test. The main outcome measures include the duration of the exercise test, the maximal effort expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METs), the mean plasma lactic to pyruvic acid ratio at the end of the ergometry, ECG changes in the exercise test, and perfusion deficits in thallium heart scintigraphy. RESULTS: At the end of exposure to CO, the mean (SD) blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentration rose from 0.59% (0.08%) to 5.12% (0.65%) (p < 0.0001). At the end of the exercise period, the mean (SD) plasma lactate/pyruvate ratio, which reflects the level of anaerobic metabolism (69.9 (5.9) after air and 75.9 (7.0) after CO), was not significantly different between the two experimental groups. Exercise induced electrocardiographic changes were noted in only one subject after exposure to CO. No arrhythmias were detected in any of the subjects. Significant differences were found in the mean duration of the exercise test (p = 0.0012) and the METs (p = 0.0001). The mean adjusted difference of exercise duration between exposure to air and CO was 1.52 minutes 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.73 to 2.32 minutes. The mean adjusted difference of METs between exposure to air and CO was 2.04 95% CI 1.33 to 2.76. The models for duration of exercise and METs showed no significant sequence and period effects. Thallium myocardial perfusion imaging disclosed normal perfusion in all regions of the heart, with no significant differences in perfusion between the two exercise tests (after air or CO). CONCLUSION: Acute exposure to a low concentration of CO which produces blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations of 4%-6% significantly decreases exercise performance in young healthy men. No ischaemic electrocardiographic changes or disturbances in myocardial perfusion were found by graded exercise with thallium scintigraphy. Our findings suggest that pollution of atmospheric air by CO at concentrations which are commonly found in urban and industrial environments may exert an adverse effect on skeletal muscles, manifesting as decreased exercise performance.
Overview
CoChat Summary
TL;DR
Acute exposure to low-concentration carbon monoxide producing carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations of 4%–6% significantly reduced exercise duration and maximal effort in young healthy men. No ischaemic electrocardiographic changes or myocardial perfusion defects were found by graded exercise with thallium scintigraphy.
Key findings
- Blood carboxyhaemoglobin rose from mean (SD) 0.59% (0.08%) to 5.12% (0.65%) after CO exposure (p<0.0001).
- Exercise duration was significantly shorter after CO than after air: mean adjusted duration 13.7 vs 15.3 minutes; adjusted difference 1.52 minutes (95% CI 0.73 to 2.32; p=0.0012).
- Maximal effort was significantly lower after CO: mean adjusted METs 14.8 vs 16.9; adjusted difference 2.04 METs (95% CI 1.33 to 2.76; p=0.0001).
- Plasma lactate/pyruvate ratio after exercise did not differ significantly between air and CO (69.9 (5.9) vs 75.9 (7.0)); thallium myocardial perfusion imaging was normal in all regions with no significant differences between tests. Exercise-induced ECG changes occurred in only one subject after CO, and no arrhythmias were detected.
Methods
- Fifteen healthy, non-smoking men aged 18–35 years completed a blind, randomised crossover study in two stages 1 month apart, breathing room air or a CO-air mixture to achieve venous COHb 4%–6%.
- Immediately after exposure, subjects performed a maximal Bruce-protocol treadmill test with thallium heart scintigraphy; blood was drawn for COHb before and at the end of exposure, and for lactic and pyruvic acid at the beginning and end of exercise.
- Exercise duration and METs were fitted with linear models using preparation, period, sequence, and volunteer nested within sequences as independent variables; residuals were tested with Shapiro-Wilk statistics using SAS 6.12.
Limitations
- The paper does not state a formal limitations section; it notes that the single exercise ECG change after CO may be a false positive, as false positives occur in up to 15% of young men.
- Evident from the text: the sample was small (15 subjects) and restricted to young, healthy, non-smoking men, so findings may not generalise to women, older adults, or patients with cardiovascular disease.
- Evident from the text: the study assessed only acute exposure and short-term exercise outcomes, with no long-term clinical outcomes; the target COHb range of 4%–6% may not represent all real-world low-level CO exposures.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 Valid · 0 Not valid · 19 Not checked · 35 Own results and interpretations
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No arrhythmias were detected in any of the subjects.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“No arrhythmias were detected in any of the subjects.”
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of the exercise period, the mean (SD) plasma lactate/pyruvate ratio, which reflects the level of anaerobic metabolism (69.9 (5.9) after air and 75.9 (7.0) after CO), was not significantly diVerent between the two experimental groups.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“At the end of the exercise period, the mean plasma lactate/pyruvate ratio, which reflects the level of anaerobic metabolism (69.9 (5.9) after air and 75.9 (7.0) after CO), was not significantly diVerent among the two experimental groups (table 1).”
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean adjusted MET in CO was 14.8 (95% CI 14.3 to 15.4).”
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 13 of the 15 subjects, eVort was maintained for a shorter time, and in all of them the degree of maximal eVort measured in METs was lower after exposure to CO.”
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Discussion
plainstates a causen = 15- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant diVerences were found in the mean duration of the exercise test (p=0.0012)and the METs (p=0.0001).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“A significant diVerence in exercise duration on exposure to air and CO was found (p=0.0012).”
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
29 more claims
Create a free account to see all 54 claims and to verify the 26 references still open.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 12
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Discussion
“No ischaemic electrocardiographic changes or disturbances in myocardial perfusion were found by graded exercise and thallium scintigraphy.”
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Results
“Exercise induced electrocardiographic changes (ST depression on leads I, aVL, V5, V6) were noted in only one subject after exposure to CO.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Discussion
“acute exposure to low concentrations of CO which produces blood COHb concentrations of 4%-6% significantly decreases exercise performance in young healthy men.”
§ EVects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men > Discussion
“| 8 | 10 | 14 | 11:48 | 12:57 | 2.3 | 0.8 |”
Citations
Cites
Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation.
(1987) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-106-4-646 · Cited by 2,366
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.
(1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-813_1 · Cited by 1,537
The laws of combination of hæmoglobin with carbon monoxide and oxygen
Douglas, C. G., Haldane, J. B. S., & Haldane, J. B. S. (1912) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1912.sp001517 · Cited by 424
Quantification of rotational thallium-201 myocardial tomography.
Garcia, E. V., Train, K. F. V., Maddahi, J., Prigent, F., Friedman, J. D., Areeda, J. S., Waxman, A. D., & Berman, D. S. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 419
Kiat, H., Maddahi, J., Roy, L. T., Train, K. F. V., Friedman, J. D., Resser, K. J., & Berman, D. S. (1989) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(89)90649-2 · Cited by 306
Absorption and Elimination of Carbon Monoxide by Inactive Young Men
Peterson, J. E., & Stewart, R. D. (1970) · Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal · doi:10.1080/00039896.1970.10667215 · Cited by 273
THE EFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON THE OXYHEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE
Roughton, F. J. W., & Darling, R. C. (1944) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1944.141.1.17 · Cited by 250
Allred, E. N., Bleecker, E. R., Chaitman, B. R., Dahms, T. E., Gottlieb, S. O., Hackney, J. D., Pagano, M., Selvester, R. H., Walden, S. M., & Warren, J. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198911233212102 · Cited by 244
Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation
Wasserman, K., Hansen, J. E., Sue, D. Y., Whipp, B. J., & Froelicher, V. F. (1987) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-198704000-00014 · Cited by 237
Mitochondrial responses to carbon monoxide toxicity
Chance, B., Erecinska, M., & Wagner, M. (1970) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1970.tb49786.x · Cited by 194
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Froelicher VF, Myers J, Follansbee WP, et al. Exercise and the heart, 3rd ed. Mosby-year book. St Louis: Mosby, 1993.
Cited by
The Health Effects of Exercising in Air Pollution
Giles, L. V., & Koehle, M. S. (2013) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0108-z · Cited by 297
Cakmak, S., Dales, R., Leech, J. A., & Liu, L. (2011) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2011.09.016 · Cited by 128
Inhaled whole exhaust and its effect on exercise performance and vascular function
Cutrufello, P. T., Rundell, K. W., Smoliga, J. M., & Stylianides, G. A. (2011) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.604106 · Cited by 80
Giorgini, P., Rubenfire, M., Bard, R. L., Jackson, E. A., Ferri, C., & Brook, R. D. (2015) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000139 · Cited by 63
Giles, L. V., Carlsten, C., & Koehle, M. S. (2012) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.717649 · Cited by 62
Aslan, Ş., Uzkeser, M., Seven, B., Gündoğdu, F., Acemoğlu, H., Aksakal, E., & Varoğlu, E. (2006) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1191/0960327106het645oa · Cited by 57
Kargarfard, M., Poursafa, P., Rezanejad, S., & Mousavinasab, F. (2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 52
Hung, A., Koch, S., Bougault, V., Gee, C. M., Bertuzzi, R., Elmore, M., McCluskey, P., Hidalgo, L., García‐Aymerich, J., & Koehle, M. S. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106161 · Cited by 38
Barn, P. K., Giles, L. V., Héroux, M.-È., & Kosatsky, T. (2018) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-018-0357-2 · Cited by 36
Navigating Medical Issues in Shale Territory
Saberi, P. (2013) · NEW SOLUTIONS A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy · doi:10.2190/ns.23.1.m · Cited by 35
Hung, A., Nelson, H., & Koehle, M. S. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01544-4 · Cited by 33
The assessment of QT intervals in acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
Yelken, B., Tanrıverdi, B., Cetinbas, F., Memiş, D., & Süt, N. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 27
Impact of acute exposure to air pollution on the cardiorespiratory performance of military firemen
de Oliveira, R. S., Neto, T. L. B., Braga, A. L. F., Raso, V., Pereira, L. A. A., Morette, S. R., & Carneiro, R. C. (2006) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000046 · Cited by 25
A new marker for myocardial injury in carbon monoxide poisoning: T peak–T end
Akıllı, N. B., Akıncı, E., Akıllı, H., Dündar, Z. D., Köylü, R., Polat, M., & Cander, B. (2013) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.049 · Cited by 22
Vieira, J. L., Guimarães, G. V., de André, P. A., Saldiva, P. H. N., & Bocchi, E. A. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.071 · Cited by 22
Silveira, A. C., Hasegawa, J. S., Cruz, R., Matsuda, M., Marquezini, M. V., Lima‐Silva, A. E., Giles, L. V., Saldiva, P. H. N., Koehle, M. S., & Bertuzzi, R. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00305.2021 · Cited by 17
Boussetta, N., Abedelmalek, S., Aloui, K., Anes, A. B., & Souissi, N. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2019.1614155 · Cited by 16
Physiological fitness and health adaptations from purposeful training using off-road vehicles
Burr, J. F., Jamnik, V., & Gledhill, N. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1817-8 · Cited by 14
Pollution de l’air et pathologie athérothrombotique cardiaque et cérébrale
Zeller, M., Giroud, M., Royer, C., Bénatru, I., Besancenot, J., Rochette, L., & Cottin, Y. (2006) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/s0755-4982(06)74844-8 · Cited by 13
Ng, L. J., Sih, B. L., & Stuhmiller, J. H. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2062-5 · Cited by 11
THE EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON CARDIO RESPIRATORY PERFOR-MANCE OF ACTIVE INDIVIDUALS
Kargarfard, M., Rouzbahani, R., Rezanejad, S., & Poursafa, P. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 10
Validated Predictions of Metabolic Energy Consumption for Submaximal Effort Movement
Tsianos, G. A., & MacFadden, L. N. (2016) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004911 · Cited by 10
Mooney, M., Perera, N. K. P., Saw, R., Waddington, G. S., Cross, T. J., & Hughes, D. C. (2023) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2023.01.004 · Cited by 9
Carbon Monoxide Transport and Actions in Blood and Tissues
Thom, S. R. (2011) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c091005 · Cited by 9
Unverdorben, M., von Holt, K., & Winkelmann, B. R. (2009) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm.09.69 · Cited by 8
Carbon monoxide exposure assessment among toll operators in Klang Valley, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Niza, S., & Jamal, H. (2007) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603120701219303 · Cited by 8
Evaluación de la exposición al monóxido de carbono en vendedores de quioscos. Valencia, Venezuela
Rojas, M., Dueñas, A., & Sidorovas, L. (2001) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.1590/s1020-49892001000400006 · Cited by 7
Szabó, C. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471266949.bmc178 · Cited by 7
(2011) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11492-14 · Cited by 6
Tanaka, T. I., Miyamoto, N., Kozu, R., Satomi, K., Honda, S., & Senjyu, H. (2014) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.26.1605 · Cited by 6
Pollution de l'air et pathologie athérothrombotique cardiaque et cérébrale
Zeller, M., Giroud, M., Royer, C., Bénatru, I., Besancenot, J., Rochette, L., & Cottin, Y. (2006) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/s0755-4982(06)74882-5 · Cited by 6
A modelling approach to disentangle the factors limiting muscle oxygenation in smokers
Degens, H., Venckūnas, T., & Wüst, R. C. I. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05289-y · Cited by 5
Steinvil, A., Shmueli, H., Ben–Assa, E., Leshem‐Rubinow, E., Shapira, I., Berliner, S. A., Kordova-Biezuner, L., & Rogowski, O. (2013) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-013-0569-y · Cited by 5
Carbon monoxide inhalation as a potential aid to enhance aerobic endurance
Bezuglov, E., Evgeniy, A. Z., Kapralova, E., Elizaveta, R., Vladimir, S., Malyakin, G. I., Sadkovaya, O., Talibov, O. B., Baymeeva, N. V., Vartapetov, M., et al. (2024) · Medical Gas Research · doi:10.4103/mgr.medgasres-d-24-00021 · Cited by 4
Lambrozo, J., & Guillossou, G. (2007) · EMC - Pathologie professionnelle et de l environnement · doi:10.1016/s1155-1925(07)71842-6 · Cited by 4
Frontal QRS-T angle as a predictive marker for myocardial damage in acute carbon monoxide poisoning
Tekin, Y. K., Tekin, G., Nur, N., Korkmaz, İ., & Yurtbay, S. (2021) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1177/09603271211043477 · Cited by 3
TERASHIMA, R. A. P., JAIMES, R. L. P., YUPANQUI, M. A. R., CHÁVEZ, J. V., Battistini, E. R., & CHÁVEZ, J. V. (2013) · Revista Médica Herediana · doi:10.20453/rmh.v16i4.806 · Cited by 2
Photodissociation of Hemoglobin Molecules in Vivo Under External Irradiation
Мамилов, С. А., & Bezuglyi, M. A. (2025) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82035-9_4 · Cited by 1
Trekking with non-cardiovascular preexisting health conditions at altitude
Küpper, T., Apel, C., Bertsch, D., Cerfontaine, C., van der Giet, M., van der Giet, S., Graß, M., Haunolder, M., Heussen, N. M., Hundt, N., et al. (2025) · Health Promotion & Physical Activity · doi:10.55225/hppa.607 · Cited by 1
Vieira, J. L. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2016.tde-01072016-085421 · Cited by 1
Alveno, D. A. (2012) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2012.tde-26032013-140836
Bamberger, M., & Oswald, R. E. (2013)
Paceli, R. (2017) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2017.tde-10032017-083103
Pollution Exposure to Humans and Its Assessment
Jat, R., Sahu, V., & Gurjar, B. R. (2018) · Advances in environmental engineering and green technologies book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3379-5.ch006
Bağcı, Z., Arslan, A., ARSLAN, D., & KOLSUZ, A. (2021) · Çukurova medical journal (Online)/Çukurova medical journal · doi:10.17826/cumj.983115
Forsgren, A., & Brinck, K. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315367842-10
Pollution de l'air et pathologie athérothrombotique cardiaque et cérébrale
Zeller, M., Giroud, M., Royer, C., Bénatru, I., Besancenot, J., Rochette, L., & Cottin, Y. (2006) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2006.09.002
Silveira, A. C. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.39.2022.tde-17052022-102457
Silveira, A. C., Hasegawa, J. S., Cruz, R., Matsuda, M., Marquezini, M. V., Lima‐Silva, A. E., Saldiva, P. H. N., Koehle, M. S., & Bertuzzi, R. (2025) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70408
Stockmann‐Juvala, H., & Arbetsmiljöverket (2012) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Adir, Y., Merdler, A., Ben Haim, S., Front, A., Harduf, R., & Bitterman, H.
- Affiliations
- Carmel Medical Center (IL)
- ORCID
- Adir, Y
- Venue
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 535-538
- ISSN
- 0007-1072 (ISSN-L)
- 1351-0711
- 1470-7926
- PMC
- PMC1757771
- OpenAlex
- W2047298217
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Keywords
- carbon monoxide exposure, exercise performance, myocardial perfusion, carboxyhemoglobin, lactic acid, pyruvate, anaerobic metabolism, thallium scintigraphy, exercise electrocardiography, urban air pollution, occupational exposure, exercise capacity, healthy young men, exercise duration, cardiac arrhythmias
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Carbon Monoxide, Carboxyhemoglobin, Coronary Circulation, Humans, Male, Radionuclide Imaging, Exercise, Cross-Over Studies, Pyruvic Acid, Lactic Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-13, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-13 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
