The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An overview of GLP-1 agonists and recent cardiovascular outcomes trials
Open accessAbstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are emerging as an important therapy to consider for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) given this class of treatment's ability to reduce glycated haemoglobin and their associated weight loss and low risk for hypoglycaemia. Additionally, seven cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) have been performed in the past 4 years using lixisenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide and oral semaglutide. All have found non-inferiority for cardiovascular outcomes, with many finding superiority of these drugs. These findings have transformed our guidelines on pharmacological treatment of T2D. This review article will discuss GLP-1 RA therapy, review the seven CVOTs reported to date and discuss the implications on current guidelines and therapies going forward.
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“Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1ra) are novel classes of medications for type 2 diabetes that significantly reduce cardiovascular deaths independent of their effect on hyperglycemia and are widely endorsed by clinical practice guidelines.4–11”
From Disparities in Use of Novel Diabetes Medications by Insurance: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1ra) are novel classes of medications for type 2 diabetes that significantly reduce cardiovascular deaths independent of their effect on hyperglycemia and are widely endorsed by clinical practice guidelines.4–11”
From Disparities in Use of Novel Diabetes Medications by Insurance: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Trials in people with type 2 diabetes have shown convincing reductions in cardiovascular events with some GLP-1 RA (259); whether these benefits would also be seen in people with type 1 diabetes is unknown.”
In the citing paper
“In recent years, seven trials have demonstrated their superiority or almost non-inferiority for CV outcomes, indicating advantageous cardio-protective effects [170].”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [170]
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Citations
Cites
Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802743 · Cited by 7,888
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Paul, S. K., Bethel, M. A., Matthews, D. R., & Neil, H. A. W. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806470 · Cited by 7,751
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Daniels, G. H., Brown-Frandsen, K., Kristensen, P., Mann, J. F. E., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Pocock, S., Poulter, N. R., Ravn, L. S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1603827 · Cited by 7,629 · cited 1×
“InTroduCTIon It was first reported in 1964 that there was greater and more sustained insulin release in response to an oral glucose load when compared with the same glucose load given intravenously.(1) With the discovery of an incretin hormone known as glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), this enhanced r…”
BackgroundSemaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Bain, S. C., Consoli, A., Eliaschewitz, F. G., Jódar, E., Leiter, L. A., Lingvay, I., Rosenstock, J., Seufert, J., Warren, M. L., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1607141 · Cited by 6,900 · cited 1×
“With the discovery of an incretin hormone known as glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), this enhanced release of insulin in response to ingestion of glucose became known as the ‘incretin effect’.(2) In 1986, Nauck et al showed that despite similar levels of GIP in response to an oral glucose load, patien…”
BackgroundCosentino, F., Grant, P. J., Aboyans, V., Bailey, C. J., Ceriello, A., Delgado, V., Federici, M., Filippatos, G., Grobbee, D. E., Hansen, T. B., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486 · Cited by 4,763
Effect of Rosiglitazone on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death from Cardiovascular Causes
Nissen, S. E., & Wolski, K. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa072761 · Cited by 4,675
Drucker, D. J., & Nauck, M. A. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69705-5 · Cited by 3,896
Gerstein, H. C., Colhoun, H. M., Dagenais, G. R., Diaz, R., Lakshmanan, M., Pais, P., Probstfield, J., Riesmeyer, J. S., Riddle, M. C., Rydén, L., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31149-3 · Cited by 3,163
Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome
Pfeffer, M. A., Claggett, B., Diaz, R., Dickstein, K., Gerstein, H. C., Køber, L. V., Lawson, F. C., Ping, L., Wei, X., Lewis, E. F., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1509225 · Cited by 2,409
Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Bethel, M. A., Mentz, R. J., Thompson, V. P., Lokhnygina, Y., Buse, J. B., Chan, J. C., Choi, J., Gustavson, S. M., Iqbal, N., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1612917 · Cited by 2,162
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Food and Drug Administration, 2008, Diabetes mellitus-evaluating cardiovascular risk in new antidiabetic therapies to treat type 2 diabetes
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Holt, R. I. G., DeVries, J. H., Hess-Fischl, A., Hirsch, I. B., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, E., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0043 · Cited by 699
Holt, R. I. G., DeVries, J. H., Fischl, A. H., Hirsch, I. B., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, É., et al. (2021) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05568-3 · Cited by 470
Emerging role of GLP-1 agonists in obesity: A comprehensive review of randomised controlled trials
Popoviciu, M.-S., Păduraru, L., Yahya, G., Metwally, K., & Cavalu, S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241310449 · Cited by 280
Liu, L., Chen, J., Wang, L., Chen, C., & Chen, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1043789 · Cited by 258
Frías, J. P., Auerbach, P., Bajaj, H. S., Fukushima, Y., Lingvay, I., Macura, S., Søndergaard, A. L., Tankova, T. I., Tentolouris, N., & Buse, J. B. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00174-1 · Cited by 188
Metadata
- Authors
- Sheahan, K. H., Wahlberg, E. A., & Gilbert, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sheahan, Kelsey H
- Venue
- Postgraduate Medical Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-12-04
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 1133
- Pages
- 156-161
- ISSN
- 0032-5473 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-0756
- PMC
- PMC7042958
- OpenAlex
- W2992144798
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 19.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Postgraduate Medical Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sanofi
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Novo Nordisk
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- GLP-1 receptor agonists, type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, oral semaglutide, HbA1c, weight loss, hypoglycemia, treatment guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Medication Therapy Management
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