Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 296

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cyanobacteria toxins and the current state of knowledge on water treatment options: a review

Svrcek, Clark, Smith, Daniel W·2004·Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science

Abstract

Cyanobacteria toxins have quickly risen in infamy as important water contaminants that threaten human health. This paper provides a broad overview of cyanobacteria toxins and the current state of knowledge about water treatment options to reduce these toxins. The first part of the paper focuses on cyanobacteria as organisms and their ability to produce a variety of toxins, the proposed or accepted regulatory guidelines for these toxins, and common detection techniques. Then a review is presented of the past 25 years worth of work on cyanobacteria toxin removal using both conventional and advanced water treatment processes and operations. The paper concludes by identifying directions for future research required to advance the abilities of utilities and water treatment plant designers to deal with these toxins while long-term, watershed management and surveillance plans are developed and implemented. As well, some suggestions are provided for immediate steps that a water utility facing cyanobacteria blooms could take to minimize human exposure to these toxins. Key words: cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, microcystin, cylindrospermopsin, cyanotoxins, water treatment, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, UV photolysis, drinking water.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1139/s04-010

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Cited by

See all 296

Metadata

Authors
Svrcek, C., & Smith, D. W.
Venue
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science
Publisher
Emerald
Published
2004-05-01
Volume
3
Issue
3
Pages
155-185
ISSN
  • 1496-2551 (ISSN-L)
  • 1496-256X
OpenAlex
W2137651187
Cited by
296
References
2
FWCI
6.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cyanobacteria toxins and the current state of knowledge on water treatment options: a review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1139/s04-010
The paper
Svrcek, C., & Smith, D. W. (2004). Cyanobacteria toxins and the current state of knowledge on water treatment options: a review. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science. https://doi.org/10.1139/s04-010

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.