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The flooding time synchronization protocol
Abstract
Wireless sensor network applications, similarly to other distributed systems, often require a scalable time synchronization service enabling data consistency and coordination. This paper describes the Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP), especially tailored for applications requiring stringent precision on resource limited wireless platforms. The proposed time synchronization protocol uses low communication bandwidth and it is robust against node and link failures. The FTSP achieves its robustness by utilizing periodic flooding of synchronization messages, and implicit dynamic topology update. The unique high precision performance is reached by utilizing MAC-layer time-stamping and comprehensive error compensation including clock skew estimation. The sources of delays and uncertainties in message transmission are analyzed in detail and techniques are presented to mitigate their effects. The FTSP was implemented on the Berkeley Mica2 platform and evaluated in a 60-node, multi-hop setup. The average per-hop synchronization error was in the one microsecond range, which is markedly better than that of the existing RBS and TPSN algorithms.
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Cited by
Research Directions for the Internet of Things
Stankovic, J. A. (2014) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2014.2312291 · Cited by 1,920
Blockchain-based secure time protection scheme in IoT
Fan, K., Wang, S., Ren, Y., Yang, K., Yan, Z., Li, H., & Yang, Y. (2019) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2874222 · Cited by 78
Precise synchronization time stamp generation for Bluetooth low energy
Rheinlander, C. C., & Wehn, N. (2016) · 2016 IEEE SENSORS · doi:10.1109/icsens.2016.7808812 · Cited by 24
Time Synchronization in a Network of Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons
Asgarian, F., & Najafi, K. (2017) · Proceedings of the SIGCOMM Posters and Demos · doi:10.1145/3123878.3132007 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Maróti, M., Kusy, B., Simon, G., & Lédeczi, Á.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2004-11-03
- Pages
- 39-49
- OpenAlex
- W2094636498
- Cited by
- 2,183
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 36.64
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Maróti, M., Kusy, B., Simon, G., & Lédeczi, Á. (2004). The flooding time synchronization protocol. Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/1031495.1031501
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