The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Questions programmers ask during software evolution tasks
Abstract
Though many tools are available to help programmers working on change tasks, and several studies have been conducted to understand how programmers comprehend systems, little is known about the specific kinds of questions programmers ask when evolving a code base. To fill this gap we conducted two qualitative studies of programmers performing change tasks to medium to large sized programs. One study involved newcomers working on assigned change tasks to a medium-sized code base. The other study involved industrial programmers working on their own change tasks on code with which they had experience. The focus of our analysis has been on what information a programmer needs to know about a code base while performing a change task and also on howthey go about discovering that information. Based on this analysis we catalog and categorize 44 different kinds of questions asked by our participants. We also describe important context for how those questions were answered by our participants, including their use of tools.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Despite these gains, however, little is known at the foundational level of developer navigation-how well developers go about choosing where to navigate.”
From Foraging and navigations, fundamentally: developers' predictions of value and cost (2016) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“These studies have also revealed that developers seek this information to answer specific questions that they have [23,42], to test mental hypotheses about how an existing program works [4], to develop an overall sense of context [13], or to follow leads that simply look relevant to their current task [26].”
From Foraging and navigations, fundamentally: developers' predictions of value and cost (2016) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
Wagner, H. R., Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1968) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2575405 · Cited by 46,525
(1998) · Sage eBooks · Cited by 38,631
The Think Aloud Method: A Practical Guide to Modelling Cognitive Processes
van Someren, M. (1994) · Cited by 975
Empirical Studies of Programming Knowledge
Soloway, E. M., & Ehrlich, K. (1984) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.1984.5010283 · Cited by 875
Strengthening the case for pair programming
Williams, L. A., Kessler, R. R., Cunningham, W., & Jeffries, R. (2000) · IEEE Software · doi:10.1109/52.854064 · Cited by 779
Program comprehension during software maintenance and evolution
von Mayrhauser, A., & Vans, A. M. (1995) · Computer · doi:10.1109/2.402076 · Cited by 578
Stimulus structures and mental representations in expert comprehension of computer programs
Pennington, N. (1987) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(87)90007-7 · Cited by 526
Constructive Interaction and the Iterative Process of Understanding
Miyake, N. (1986) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1002_2 · Cited by 445
Cognitive processes in program comprehension
Letovsky, S. I. (1987) · Journal of Systems and Software · doi:10.1016/0164-1212(87)90032-x · Cited by 353
The Interlisp Programming Environment
Teitelman, W., & Masinter, L. M. (1981) · Computer · doi:10.1109/c-m.1981.220410 · Cited by 351
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- 10.5555/521138.786884 · DOI
- 10.5555/580914.858205 · DOI
- Flor N. V., 1991, Proceedings of the Empirical Studies of Programmers: Fourth Workshop, 36
- Glaser B. G., 1967, Aldine Publishing
- 10.5555/164632.260021 · DOI
- 10.5555/788007.788157 · DOI
- Letovsky S., 1986, Proceedings of Conference on Empirical Studies of Programmers, 80
- Strauss A. L., 1998, Sage Publications
- van Someren M. W., 1994, Academic Press
- Wilde N., 1996, Proceedings of WCRE, 270
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–270 of 270
GUI code tracing through direct program interaction
Santos, A. L. (2014) · Journal of Software Evolution and Process · doi:10.1002/smr.1650 · Cited by 4
Context-Sensitive Ranking of Dependencies for Software Navigation
Robillard, M. P., & Ratchford, T. (2009) · Cited by 2
Searching, Selecting, And Synthesizing Source Code Components
McMillan, C. (2012) · W&M Publish (College of William & Mary) · doi:10.21220/s2-2vag-by15 · Cited by 2
Architecture and Design Intent: An Experience Report
Grisham, P. S., Hawthorne, M. J., & Perry, D. E. (2007) · doi:10.1109/shark-adi.2007.4 · Cited by 2
Nallusamy, S., Hao, H. M., & Zulkifle, F. A. (2021) · Computing and Informatics · doi:10.31577/cai_2021_5_1025 · Cited by 2
Martin, A. O., Magnaudet, M., & Conversy, S. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC) · doi:10.1145/3524610.3527885 · Cited by 2
Answering common questions about code
LaToza, T. D. (2008) · Proceedings/Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/1370175.1370218 · Cited by 2
Open source programmers’ information seeking
Sharif, K. Y. (2012) · University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) · doi:10.34961/3472 · Cited by 2
SEMANTIC ANALYSES TO DETECT AND LOCALIZE SOFTWARE REGRESSION ERRORS
Qi, D. (2013) · National University of Singapore · Cited by 2
Remote debugging and reflection in resource constrained devices
Papoulias, N. (2013) · doi:10.70675/3d1e0dadzc148z409cz8abfz55716a03852e · Cited by 2
Skylines: Visualizing Object-Oriented Software Systems Through Class Contours
Giannaccari, M., Raglianti, M., & Lanza, M. (2025) · IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT) · doi:10.1109/vissoft67405.2025.00015 · Cited by 1
Böhme, L., Thiede, C., Mattis, T., Beckmann, T., Lincke, J., & Hirschfeld, R. (2025) · ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Programming Abstractions and Interactive Notations, Tools, and Environments (PAINT) · doi:10.1145/3759534.3762682 · Cited by 1
Facilitating communication between engineers with CARES
Guzzi, A., & Begel, A. (2012) · doi:10.5555/2337223.2337420 · Cited by 1
Fritz, T. (2011) · doi:10.14288/1.0052138 · Cited by 1
Do Tools Support Code Integration? A Survey.
Dias, M., Ducasse, S., Cassou, D., & Uquillas-Gomez, V. (2016) · The Journal of Object Technology · doi:10.5381/jot.2016.15.2.a2 · Cited by 1
Allen, J. A., & Kelleher, C. L. (2024) · International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) · doi:10.1145/3641822.3641864 · Cited by 1
VISCTE: Runtime Exploration of Component-Based Systems
Santos, A. L., & Albuquerque, I. (2016) · International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) · doi:10.1109/cbse.2016.16 · Cited by 1
Tool support for working with sets of source code entities
Fraser, C., Luce, C., Starke, J., et al. (2008) · Proceedings/Proceedings -- IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing · doi:10.1109/vlhcc.2008.4639061 · Cited by 1
Self-citationJQuery - a tool for combining query results and a framework for building code perspectives
Markle, L. (2008) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0051360 · Cited by 1
CodeCity: On-Screen or in Virtual Reality?
Moreno-Lumbreras, D., Minelli, R., Villaverde, A., et al. (2021) · doi:10.26226/morressier.613b545d842293c031b5b988 · Cited by 1
Collaborative Software Visualization in Co-located Environments
Anslow, C. (2013) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17006065.v1 · Cited by 1
Supporting software integration activities with first-class code changes
Dias, V. (2015) · doi:10.70675/9c17a005z4d83z40cfzb648z2fbd363e66b4 · Cited by 1
Supporting the Learning Process of Open Source Novices: An Evaluation of Visualization Tools
Park, Y., & Jensen, C. (2009) · Cited by 1
Identifying Behavioural Implications of Source Code Changes
El-Sayed, A. (2013) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
A Natural Language Interface for Code Search
Kimmig, M., Monperrus, M., & Mezini, M. (2011) · HAL
Answering control flow questions about code
LaToza, T. D. (2008) · Companion to the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA Companion) · doi:10.1145/1449814.1449909
Leveraging Light-Weight Analyses to Aid Software Maintenance
Fry, Z. P., & Weimer, W. R. (2013) · IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST) · doi:10.1109/icst.2013.77
Toward a task model of concurrent software maintenance
Fleming, S. D., Stirewalt, R. E. K., & Kraemer, E. T. (2007) · doi:10.1145/1353673.1353679
Using metaphors from natural discussion to improve the design of arcum
Shonle, M., Griswold, W. G., & Lerner, S. (2011) · doi:10.1145/2089155.2089165
Reducing mental context switches
Kiel, H. (2009)
Information N eeds in Collocated Software Dev elopment Teams
Ko, A. J., DeLine, R. A., & Venolia, G. D. (2007)
GUITA Toolkit: Interaction-driven code tracing
Santos, A. L. (2012) · IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) · doi:10.1109/vlhcc.2012.6344545
Ghezzi, G. (2010) · doi:10.1145/1810295.1810398
Xhafa, F., Bader, D. A., Luca Benini, C., Bodin, F., Caballé, S., Jacques Demongeot, A., Doncescu, A., Drach, N., Curie, M., Gschwind, M. K., et al. (2008)
Toward a Platform for Visual Debugging
Molina, R., & Bergel, A. (2015) · doi:10.1145/2811237.2811300
Towards cheap, accurate polymorphism detection
Lazarevic, N. (n.d.) · doi:10.7892/boris.67049
Detecting Unforeseen Program Behaviours
Holmes, R., & Notkin, D. S. (2010)
Intentional Meaning of Programs
Informatik, F. F., & München, D. T. U. (2014)
Modeling Source Code to Support Retrieval-Based Applications
Vinayakarao, V. (2017) · ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) · doi:10.1145/3018661.3022749
Evolutionary Visual Software Analytics - Presentation
González-Torres, A. (2015)
Context in exploratory programming: Towards a theoretical framework
Chattopadhyay, S. (2017) · IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) · doi:10.1109/vlhcc.2017.8103492
Olszak, A. (2012) · University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)
Merino, L., Ghafari, M., & Nierstrasz, O. (2018) · Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern)
Towards Visualization of Unit Test and Source Code Relations
Aljawabrah, N. (2021) · doi:10.14232/phd.10723
Interactive Graph Exploration for Comprehension of Static Analysis Results
Toledo, R. (2021) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse-companion52605.2021.00129
Leveraging Light-Weight Analyses to Aid Software Maintenance
Fry, Z. P. (2014) · doi:10.18130/v34n7r
CodeCity: On-Screen or in Virtual Reality?
Moreno-Lumbreras, D., Minelli, R., Villaverde, A., et al. (2021) · doi:10.26226/m.613b545d842293c031b5b988
Consensus task interaction trace recommender to guide developers’ software navigation
Etaiwi, L., Sager, P., Guéhéneuc, Y., & Hamel, S. (2024) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-024-10528-7
Bourcier, V., Rani, P., Willembrinck, M., Bacchelli, A., & Costiou, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering. · doi:10.1145/3715759
CodeQG: Automated Multiple Question Generation for Source Code Comprehension
Zhang, X., Chen, L., Qi, K., Zou, W., Pang, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Xu, G., & Zhang, D. (2025) · International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering · doi:10.1142/s0218194025500214
ComCat : Expertise-Guided Context Generation to Enhance Code Comprehension
Grandel, S., Andersen, S. T., Huang, Y., & Leach, K. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · doi:10.1145/3742475 · Cited by 3
How Programmers Interact with Multimodal Software Documentation
Arya, D. M., Guo, J., & Robillard, M. P. (2025) · International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) · doi:10.1109/chase66643.2025.00029
A Human Study of Automatically Generated Decompiler Annotations
Yang, Y., Grandel, S., Lacomis, J., Schwartz, E. J., Vasilescu, B., Goues, C. L., & Leach, K. (2025) · International Conference on Dependable Systems & Networks/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/dsn64029.2025.00026
Key-Augmented Neural Triggers for Knowledge SharingPreprint
Wolf, A., Palma, M. A., Rani, P., & Gall, H. C. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5376750
Sonifying and Visualizing the Heartbeat of Evolving Software Systems
Armenti, C., Raglianti, M., & Lanza, M. (2025) · IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT) · doi:10.1109/vissoft67405.2025.00009
DevTales: A Tool for Providing Narrative Code Histories into Developer Workflows
Allen, J., Park, S., & Kelleher, C. L. (2025) · IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) · doi:10.1109/vl-hcc65237.2025.00013
An explanation of software architecture explanations
Rukmono, S. A., Zamfirov, F., Ochoa, L., Pex, F., & Chaudron, M. R. V. (2026) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10782-3
Moreno-Lumbreras, D., León, S. R. M., Gonzalez-Barahona, J. M., et al. (2026) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-026-10836-0
DebugTracker: Lightweight Process Evidence for Classroom Debugging
Liu, J., Yao, X., Zhang, Z., et al. (2026) · ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Systems, Programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH) · doi:10.1145/3837729.3840500
Leon, S., Desai, A. R., Kanth, S., Mahmoud, N., & Kuttal, S. K. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-30781-1_17
Arcanjo, L., Tadokoro, D., Spessoto, M., et al. (2026) · doi:10.1145/3794915.3795783
System Comprehension and Source Code Manipulation in eXtended Reality
Giannaccari, M. (2026) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) · doi:10.1145/3774748.3787665
Design Of A Question And Answer Approach To Crowd Debugging
Adriano, C., & Puri, N. (2015) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.14823
Metadata
- Authors
- Sillito, J., Murphy, G. C., & De Volder, K.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2006-11-05
- Pages
- 23-34
- OpenAlex
- W2080534028
- Semantic Scholar
- 3dda5d9a5e4eb27760e8a4a381a1057ce0ba7d65
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 9.47
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Software › Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies
- Keywords
- software evolution, information needs, novice programmers, software tools
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review