The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reliable detection of LSB steganography in color and grayscale images
Abstract
A large number of commercial steganographic programs use the Least Significant Bit embedding (LSB) as the method of choice for message hiding in 24-bit, 8-bit color images, and grayscale images. It is commonly believed that changes to the LSBs of colors cannot be detected due to noise that is always present in digital images. In this paper, we describe a new very accurate and reliable method that can detect LSB embedding in randomly scattered pixels in both 24-bit color images and 8-bit grayscale or color images. It is based on our previous work on lossless data embedding [1]. By inspecting the differences in the number of regular and singular groups for the LSB and the "shifted LSB plane", we can reliably detect messages as short as 0.03bpp.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Exploring steganography: Seeing the unseen
Johnson, N. F., & Jajodia, S. (1998) · Computer · doi:10.1109/mc.1998.4655281 · Cited by 1,485
On the limits of steganography
Anderson, R. J., & Petitcolas, F. A. P. (1998) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/49.668971 · Cited by 1,170
Attacks on Steganographic Systems
Westfeld, A., & Pfitzmann, A. (2000) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/10719724_5 · Cited by 934
Steganalysis of Images Created Using Current Steganography Software
Johnson, N. F., & Jajodia, S. (1998) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/3-540-49380-8_19 · Cited by 338
Steganalysis of LSB encoding in color images
Fridrich, J., & Long, M. (2002) · 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME2000. Proceedings. Latest Advances in the Fast Changing World of Multimedia (Cat. No.00TH8532) · doi:10.1109/icme.2000.871000 · Cited by 242
Self-citation
Cited by
A high quality steganographic method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function
Wang, C.-M., Wu, N.-I., Tsai, C.-S., & Hwang, M.-S. (2008) · Journal of Systems and Software · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2007.01.049 · Cited by 344
Alexan, W., Mamdouh, E., Aboshousha, A., Alsahafi, Y. S., Gabr, M., & Hosny, K. M. (2024) · IET Image Processing · doi:10.1049/ipr2.13242 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., & Du, R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Multimedia and security new challenges - MM&Sec '01
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 2001
- Pages
- 27
- OpenAlex
- W2075652908
- Cited by
- 632
- References
- 5
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Reliable detection of LSB steganography in color and grayscale images. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/1232454.1232466
- The paper
- Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., & Du, R. (2001). Reliable detection of LSB steganography in color and grayscale images. Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Multimedia and security new challenges - MM&Sec '01. https://doi.org/10.1145/1232454.1232466
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
