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Cited by 305

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Encountering stronger password requirements: user attitudes and behaviors

Shay, Richard, Komanduri, Saranga, Kelley, Patrick Gage, Leon, Pedro Giovanni, Mazurek, Michelle L., Bauer, Lujo, Christin, Nicolas, Cranor, Lorrie Faith·2010·Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security

Abstract

Text-based passwords are still the most commonly used authentication mechanism in information systems. We took advantage of a unique opportunity presented by a significant change in the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) computing services password policy that required users to change their passwords. Through our survey of 470 CMU computer users, we collected data about behaviors and practices related to the use and creation of passwords. We also captured users' opinions about the new, stronger policy requirements. Our analysis shows that, although most of the users were annoyed by the need to create a complex password, they believe that they are now more secure. Furthermore, we perform an entropy analysis and discuss how our findings relate to NIST recommendations for creating a password policy. We also examine how users answer specific questions related to their passwords. Our results can be helpful in designing better password policies that consider not only technical aspects of specific policy rules, but also users' behavior in response to those rules.

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  • Guessing and entropy

    Massey, J. L. (2002) · Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/isit.1994.394764 · Cited by 463 · cited 2×

    “Using an optimal strategy, E[G] ≥ 2 + 1, where E[G] is the expected number of guesses and H is the entropy in bits [12].”
    BackgroundMethod

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Metadata

Authors
Shay, R., Komanduri, S., Kelley, P. G., Leon, P. G., Mazurek, M. L., Bauer, L., Christin, N., & Cranor, L. F.
Venue
Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Publisher
ACM
Published
2010-07-14
Pages
1-20
OpenAlex
W1987516957
Cited by
305
References
1
FWCI
12.59
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Encountering stronger password requirements: user attitudes and behaviors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/1837110.1837113
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Shay, R., Komanduri, S., Kelley, P. G., Leon, P. G., Mazurek, M. L., Bauer, L., Christin, N., & Cranor, L. F. (2010). Encountering stronger password requirements: user attitudes and behaviors. Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security. https://doi.org/10.1145/1837110.1837113

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