The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nonvisual presentation of graphical user interfaces: contrasting two approaches
Open accessAbstract
Users who are blind currently have limited access to graphical user interfaces based on MS Windows or X Windows.Past access strategies have used speech synthesizers and braille displays to present text-based interfaces.Providing access to graphical applications creates new human interface design challenges which must be addressed to build intuitive and efficient nonvisual interfaces.Two conmasting designs have been developed and implemented in the projects Mercator and GUIB.These systems differ dramatically in their approaches to providing nonvisual interfaces to GUIS.This paper discusses four main interface design issues for access systems, and describes how the Mercator and GUIB designs have addressed these issues.It is hoped that the exploration of these interfaces will lead to better nonvisual interfaces used in low visibility and visually overloaded environments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The SonicFinder: An Interface That Uses Auditory Icons
Gaver, W. W. (1989) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0401_3 · Cited by 588
Hill, R. D. (1986) · ACM Transactions on Graphics · doi:10.1145/24054.24055 · Cited by 187
Gaver, W. W. (1993) · ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) · doi:10.1145/169059.169184 · Cited by 171
Mapping GUIs to auditory interfaces
Mynatt, E. D., & Edwards, W. K. (1992) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/142621.142629 · Cited by 96
Self-citationThe Graphical User Interface: Crisis, Danger, and Opportunity
Boyd, L. H., Boyd, W. L., & Vanderheiden, G. C. (1990) · Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness · doi:10.1177/0145482x9008401002 · Cited by 85
Extending the notion of a window system to audio
Ludwig, L. F., Pincever, N., & Cohen, M. (1990) · Computer · doi:10.1109/2.56873 · Cited by 64
Auditory Presentation of Graphical User Interfaces
Mynatt, E. D. (1992) · Cited by 42
Self-citationModelling blind users' interactions with an auditory computer interface
Edwards, A. D. N. (1989) · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(89)80035-5 · Cited by 23
Adapting direct manipulation for blind users
Weber, G. (1993) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/259964.260016 · Cited by 13
Self-citationThe Mercator project: a nonvisual interface to the X Window system
Edwards, W. K., Mynatt, E. D., & Rodriguez, T. (1993) · The X Resource archive · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 12 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- David Burgess. Low Cost Sound Spatialization. In UIST '92: The Fifth Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology Conference Proceedings, November 1992.
- 10.5555/178463.178470 · DOI
- Elizabeth Mynatt and Keith Edwards. New metaphors for nonvisual interfaces. In Extraordinary Human-Computer Interaction, 1991. Draft chapter accepted for upcoming book.
- Petrie, H; Heinila, J; Ekola, H. (1993) A comparative evaluation of computer input devices for blind user, in Proceedings of ECART 2, Stockholm, May 26-28, 1993, pp. P-II
- Schwerdtfeger, Richard S.: Making the GUI talk, BYTE, Dec 1991, 118-128.
- Weber, G.: Adapting graphical interaction objects for blind users by integrating braille and speech, in Zagler, W. (Ed.) Computers for Handicapped Persons, Oldenburg: Wien, 1992
- Weber, G. (1993) Access by blind people to interaction objects in MS Windows, in Proceedings of ECART 2, Stockholm, May 26-28, 1993, pp. 2.2
- Bryant W. York, editor. Final Report of the Boston University Workshop on Computers and Persons with Disabilities, 1989.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–157 of 157
Automatic impact sound generation for using in nonvisual interfaces
Darvishi, A., Munteanu, E., Guggiana, V., Schauer, H., Motavalli, M., & Matthias Rauterberg, A. (1994) · doi:10.1145/191028.191055 · Cited by 6
Comparing effects of navigational interface modalities on speaker prosodics
Baca, J. (1998) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/274497.274499 · Cited by 6
Text Entry for People with Visual Impairments
Asakawa, C., & Takagi, H. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373591-1/50016-4 · Cited by 5
Introducing haptic interactions in web application modeling
Comai, S., & Mazza, D. (2010) · IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE) · doi:10.1109/wse.2010.5623571 · Cited by 5
Integration of Assistive Technologies into 3D Simulations: An Exploratory Study
Chan, A., Gamino, A., Harris, F. C., & Dascalu, S. M. (2016) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32467-8_38 · Cited by 5
Shafiq, M., Choi, J., Iqbal, M., Faheem, M., Ahmad, M., Ashraf, I., & Irshad, A. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07638-6_43 · Cited by 5
Sonification System of Maps for Blind – Alternative View
Daunys, G., & Lauruska, V. (2009) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02710-9_55 · Cited by 5
DiGVis: A system for comprehension and creation of directed graphs for the visually challenged
Syal, P., Chatterji, S., & Sardana, H. K. (2014) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-014-0387-7 · Cited by 6
Contextualizing Accessibility : Interaction for Blind Computer Users
Winberg, F. (2008) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 5
Simple User-Context for Better Application Personalization
Shankar, A. (2006) · Cited by 5
Scenario-Based Observation Approach for Eliciting User Requirements for Haptic User Interfaces
Bahn, S., Corbett, B., & Nam, C. S. (2014) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2014.941271 · Cited by 4
KnowWhereTM: An Audio/Spatial Interface for Blind People
Krueger, M. W. (1998) · Cited by 4
The impacts of situational visual impairment on usability of touch screens
Hosseini, M., Hamidi, H. R., & Kermanshahani, S. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-18689-9 · Cited by 4
Developing an assistive haptic framework for improving non-visual access to the web
Kuber, R. (2006) · ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing · doi:10.1145/1196148.1196152 · Cited by 4
Williams, D., & Cheepen, C. (1998) · Electronic workshops in computing · doi:10.14236/ewic/ad1998.1 · Cited by 4
Zajicek, M., & Edwards, A. D. N. (2004) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2004.04.002 · Cited by 4
Designing Auditory Cues for Mercator
Mynatt, E. D. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-35175-9_41 · Cited by 4
Self-citation"It Brought Me Joy": Opportunities for Spatial Browsing in Desktop Screen Readers
Chheda-Kothary, A., Sharif, A., Rios, D. A., & Smith, B. A. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714125 · Cited by 6
Non-visual Access to GUIs: Leveraging Abstract User Interfaces
Hees, K. V., & Engelen, J. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11788713_155 · Cited by 3
Petrie, H., & Weber, G. (2002) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45491-8_81 · Cited by 3
Self-citationUnderstanding Blind Users' Accessibility and Usability Problems in an Online Task
Babu, R., & Singh, R. (2009) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 3
Tactile Web Browsing for Blind Users
Kuber, R., Yu, W. M., & O'Modhrain, M. S. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15841-4_9 · Cited by 3
Pattern design in the context space
Frauenberger, C., Stockman, T., & Bourguet, M.-L. (2007) · Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs · doi:10.1145/1772070.1772091 · Cited by 3
GUI object search method using a tactile display
海老名, 毅., Igi, S., Miyake, T., & Takahashi, H. (1999) · Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III Fundamental Electronic Science) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6440(199908)82:8 · Cited by 3
Collaborative Cross-modal Interfaces
Metatla, O., Bryan–Kinns, N., Stockman, T., & Martin, F. (2013) · Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) · Cited by 3
Visually Impaired Persons Using Microsoft PowerPoint Presentations
Jung, M., & zu Bexten, E. M. (2002) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45491-8_88 · Cited by 2
PUIR: Parallel User Interface Rendering
Hees, K. V., & Engelen, J. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14097-6_33 · Cited by 2
Adaptation of Multimedia Browsing Techniques
Weimann, K., Langer, I., & Weber, G. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27817-7_20 · Cited by 2
Self-citationEarpod: efficient hierarchical eyes-free menu selection
Zhao, S. (2009) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 2
Abstract UIs as a long term solution for non-visual access to GUIs
Hees, K. V., & Engelen, J. (2005) · International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction · Cited by 2
Abstracting the Graphical User Interface for Non-Visual Access
Hees, K. V., & Engelen, J. (2005) · Cited by 2
An Infrastructure to Support Usability Problem Data Analysis
Howarth, J. R. (2004) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 2
Understanding and Supporting Cross-modal Collaborative Information Seeking
Al‐Thani, D. (2016) · Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) · Cited by 2
User Interface Transformation Method for PC Remote Control with Small Mobile Devices.
Okada, H., & Asahi, T. (2003) · Cited by 2
Training blind people in the use of graphical user interfaces
Weber, G., Petrie, H., Kochanek, D., & Morley, S. (1994) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-58476-5_101 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAssistive Multimodal Interfaces for Improving Web Accessibility
Kuber, R., Yu, W. M., Strain, P., Murphy, E., & McAllister, G. (2020) · Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) · doi:10.13016/m2k3xl-wd9k · Cited by 1
Is the Accessibility Audit Dead?
Connor, J. O. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14097-6_66 · Cited by 1
New Trends in Non-visual Interaction - Sonification of Maps
Lauruska, V. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21663-3_34 · Cited by 1
Tailoring non-visual interaction in a graphical environment
Stephanidis, C., & Gogoulou, R. (1995) · Advances in human factors/ergonomics · doi:10.1016/s0921-2647(06)80192-9 · Cited by 1
Auditory direct manipulation for blind computer users
Winberg, F. (2001) · Cited by 1
Displayless interface access to spatial data
Baca, J. (1997) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/1120212.1120249 · Cited by 1
Edyburn, D. L. (2009) · Journal of Special Education Technology · doi:10.1177/016264340902400406 · Cited by 1
Uma ferramenta para notação musical em braille
Tofani, A. P. M. (2012) · doi:10.11606/d.45.2012.tde-18102012-174817
New Technologies and Services for Disabled and Elderly People in the Emerging Information Society
Emiliani, P. L. (2002) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45491-8_10
Virtuelle taktile Karten — digitale Stadtpläne für Blinde
Schneider, J., & Strothotte, T. (1999) · Berichte des German Chapter of the ACM · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-99786-9_27
Unified Development of Automatically Adapted Interactions
Savidis, A. (1998)
A Cross-Modal Collaborative Tool for Workplace Inclusion
Metatla, O., Bryan–Kinns, N., Stockman, T., & Martin, F. (2012)
Jeon, M. (2010) · SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Visual to Non-visual Collaboration on a Dynamic Tactile Graphics Display
Bornschein, J., & Prescher, D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45853-3_19
Ergonomics Society of the Human Factors and Human Factors: The Journal
Walker, B. N., Lindsay, J., Nance, A., Nakano, Y., & Palladino, D. K. (2013)
Evaluating user performance in nonvisual bullseye menus
Friedlander, N. (1997) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Dickinson, C., Trillo, A. H., & Crossland, M. D. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-87634-6.00015-5
Improving web usability for the visually impaired
Kullman, C. (2009) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Designing User Interfaces for the Feeling
Zeng, L., & Weber, G. (2025) · SpringerBriefs in service science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03151-8_1
Self-citationUser Interfaces for Pin-Array Tactile Displays
Zeng, L., & Weber, G. (2025) · SpringerBriefs in service science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03151-8_3
Self-citationHands-On Interaction with Spreadsheets
Usabaev, B., Prakash, S. G. K., & Weber, G. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-31308-9_47
Self-citationWeber, G., Bramwell-Dicks, A., & Petrie, H. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-31308-9_42
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Mynatt, E. D., & Weber, G.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Stuttgart (DE)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 1994-04-24
- Pages
- 166-172
- OpenAlex
- W2058641836
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 17.73
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Marshall Space Flight Center
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Keywords
- graphical user interface, blind users, accessibility, human interface design, Mercator, low-visibility environments, assistive technology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review