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Low vs. high-fidelity prototyping debate
Abstract
article Low vs. high-fidelity prototyping debate Share on Authors: Jim Rudd IBM Corporation, 6401 Morningsong Lane, Charlotte, NC IBM Corporation, 6401 Morningsong Lane, Charlotte, NCView Profile , Ken Stern IBM Corporation, 8501 IBM Drive, MG22/103, Charlotte, NC IBM Corporation, 8501 IBM Drive, MG22/103, Charlotte, NCView Profile , Scott Isensee IBM Corporation, 11400 Burnet Road, Austin, TX IBM Corporation, 11400 Burnet Road, Austin, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 3Issue 1Jan. 1996 pp 76–85https://doi.org/10.1145/223500.223514Published:02 January 1996 186citation9,755DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations186Total Downloads9,755Last 12 Months736Last 6 weeks152 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
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High-fidelity prototypes are more expensive to build but can be used to test and evaluate further details of the design, and even serve as a basis for development of the product under design.
“while high-fidelity prototypes are more expensive to build they can be used to test and evaluate further details of the design, and even serve as a basis for development of the product under design (Rudd et al. 1996).”
From An empirically based model of software prototyping: a mapping study and a multi-case study (2023) · cites this paper as Rudd et al. 1996
Low-fidelity prototypes can convey a general look of an interface and are often used to communicate, educate and inform.
“Low-fidelity prototypes can convey a general look of an interface and are often used to communicate, educate and inform, while high-fidelity prototypes are more expensive to build they can be used to test and evaluate further details of the design, and even serve as a basis for development of the product under design (Rudd et al. 1996).”
From An empirically based model of software prototyping: a mapping study and a multi-case study (2023) · cites this paper as Rudd et al. 1996
Citations
Cites
Rettig, M. (1994) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/175276.175288 · Cited by 440
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Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Dumas , J.S. and Redish , J.C . A Practical Guide to Usability Testing . Norwood, NJ : Ablex Publishing Company , 1993 . Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. A Practical Guide to Usability Testing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Company, 1993.
- Greitzer , EL. , Wunderlich , D. , and Weinberg , M. Hypermedia -based rapid interface prototyping. Journal of the Society for Information Display , 1 , 1 (1993): 111 - 119 . Greitzer, EL., Wunderlich, D., and Weinberg, M. Hypermedia-based rapid interface prototyping. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 1, 1 (1993): 111-119. · DOI
- Heaton , N. What's wrong with the user interface: How rapid prototyping can help . In IEE Colloquium on Software Prototyping and Evolutionary Digest London, IEE ( 1992 ), Digest No. 202, Part 7, pp. 1 - 5 , Heaton, N. What's wrong with the user interface: How rapid prototyping can help. In IEE Colloquium on Software Prototyping and Evolutionary Digest London, IEE (1992), Digest No. 202, Part 7, pp. 1-5,
- Melkus , L.A. , and Torres , R . Guidelines for the use of a prototype in user interface design . In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society32nd Annual Meeting ( Santa Monica, CA , 1988 , Human Factors Society), pp.370-374. Melkus, L.A., and Torres, R. Guidelines for the use of a prototype in user interface design. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society32nd Annual Meeting (Santa Monica, CA, 1988, Human Factors Society), pp.370-374.
- Nielson , J. Paper versus computer implementations as mockup scenarios for heuristic evaluation . In Proceedings of the Third International Conferences on Human-Computer Interaction , 1990 , pp. 1 - 8 . Nielson, J. Paper versus computer implementations as mockup scenarios for heuristic evaluation. In Proceedings of the Third International Conferences on Human-Computer Interaction, 1990, pp. 1-8.
- Pfauth , M. , Hammer , A. , and Fissel J . Software prototyping as a human factors tool . In Proceedings of the Human Factor Society 29th Annual Meeting ( Santa Monica, CA , 1985 , Human Factors Society), pp. 467-469. Pfauth, M., Hammer, A., and Fissel J. Software prototyping as a human factors tool. In Proceedings of the Human Factor Society 29th Annual Meeting (Santa Monica, CA, 1985, Human Factors Society), pp. 467-469.
- 10.1145/174800.174804 · DOI
- Telek , M.J. and Schell , D.A . The user interface design team(UIDT) process . In Proceedings of the 1992 GSD Technical Symposium (IBM Corporation, Bethesda, MD 1992) , pp. 115 - 125 . Telek, M.J. and Schell, D.A. The user interface design team(UIDT) process. In Proceedings of the 1992 GSD Technical Symposium (IBM Corporation, Bethesda, MD 1992), pp. 115-125.
- 10.1145/108844.108936 · DOI
- Tullis , T.S. High-fidelity prototyping throughout the design process.In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting (Santa Monica, CA , Human Factors Society 1990 ), p. 266 . Tullis, T.S. High-fidelity prototyping throughout the design process.In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting (Santa Monica, CA, Human Factors Society 1990), p. 266.
- van Harmelen , M. Exploratory user interface design using scenarios and prototypes. In Sutcliffe A. and Macaulay L. (Eds.) . People and Computers V: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference of the British Computer Society ( Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 1989 ), pp. 191 - 202 . van Harmelen, M. Exploratory user interface design using scenarios and prototypes. In Sutcliffe A. and Macaulay L. (Eds.). People and Computers V: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference of the British Computer Society (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 1989), pp. 191-202.
- Virzi , R.A. What can you learn from a low-fidelity prototype? In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting ( Santa Monica,CA, Human Factors Society , 1989 ), pp. 224 - 228 . Virzi, R.A. What can you learn from a low-fidelity prototype? In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting (Santa Monica,CA, Human Factors Society, 1989), pp. 224-228.
- Virzi , R.A. Low-fidelity prototyping . In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting ( Santa Monica, CA, Human Factors Society 1990 ), p. 265 . Virzi, R.A. Low-fidelity prototyping. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting (Santa Monica, CA, Human Factors Society 1990), p. 265.
- Windsor , P. and Storrs , G . ( 1992 ). Prototyping user interfaces. InlEE Colloquium on Software Prototyping and Evolutionary Development, Part 4. (pp. 1- 14) . London : lEE. Windsor, P. and Storrs, G. (1992). Prototyping user interfaces. InlEE Colloquium on Software Prototyping and Evolutionary Development, Part 4. (pp. 1- 14). London: lEE.
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“When testing prototypes, the researchers observed that the level of fidelity of the prototypes was important; sketched ideas were easier for participants to engage with than more detailed mock-ups of one part of the intervention were, which was interpreted as a finished product inviting little useful feedback [66].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rudd, J., Stern, K., & Isensee, S.
- Affiliations
- IBM (United States) (US)
- IBM Corporation, 8501 IBM Drive, MG22/103, Charlotte, NC
- IBM Corporation, 11400 Burnet Road, Austin, TX
- Venue
- Interactions
- Published
- 1996-01-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-85
- ISSN
- 1072-5520 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-3449
- OpenAlex
- W2121621580
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- interactions (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Design Education and Practice
- Keywords
- low-fidelity prototyping, high-fidelity prototyping, prototype development, user interface design, design process
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