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Heterogeneity and dynamicity of clouds at scale: Google trace analysis
Abstract
To better understand the challenges in developing effective cloud-based resource schedulers, we analyze the first publicly available trace data from a sizable multi-purpose cluster. The most notable workload characteristic is heterogeneity: in resource types (e.g., cores:RAM per machine) and their usage (e.g., duration and resources needed). Such heterogeneity reduces the effectiveness of traditional slot- and core-based scheduling. Furthermore, some tasks are constrained as to the kind of machine types they can use, increasing the complexity of resource assignment and complicating task migration. The workload is also highly dynamic, varying over time and most workload features, and is driven by many short jobs that demand quick scheduling decisions. While few simplifying assumptions apply, we find that many longer-running jobs have relatively stable resource utilizations, which can help adaptive resource schedulers.
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Cited by
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Verma, A., Pedrosa, L., Korupolu, M., Oppenheimer, D., Tune, E., & Wilkes, J. (2015) · Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems · doi:10.1145/2741948.2741964 · Cited by 1,468
Heracles: improving resource efficiency at scale
Lo, D., Cheng, L., Govindaraju, R., Ranganathan, P., & Kozyrakis, C. (2015) · Proceedings of the 42nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture · doi:10.1145/2749469.2749475 · Cited by 466
Tirmazi, M., Barker, A., Deng, N., Haque, M. E., Qin, Z. G., Hand, S., Harchol-Balter, M., & Wilkes, J. (2020) · Proceedings of the Fifteenth European Conference on Computer Systems · doi:10.1145/3342195.3387517 · Cited by 325
Autopilot: workload autoscaling at Google
Rzadca, K., Findeisen, P., Swiderski, J., Zych, P., Broniek, P., Kusmierek, J., Nowak, P., Strack, B., Witusowski, P., Hand, S., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the Fifteenth European Conference on Computer Systems · doi:10.1145/3342195.3387524 · Cited by 303
Systems Approaches to Tackling Configuration Errors: A Survey
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reiss, C., Tumanov, A., Ganger, G. R., Katz, R. H., & Kozuch, M. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Third ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2012-10-14
- Pages
- 1-13
- OpenAlex
- W2129542763
- Cited by
- 1,063
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 50.03
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Reiss, C., Tumanov, A., Ganger, G. R., Katz, R. H., & Kozuch, M. A. (2012). Heterogeneity and dynamicity of clouds at scale: Google trace analysis. Proceedings of the Third ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing. https://doi.org/10.1145/2391229.2391236
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