The DOI matches its Crossref record.
GSK: universally accessible graph sketching
Abstract
Combinatorial graphs, often conveyed as node-link diagrams, figure prominently in Computer Science and other Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Unfortunately, they are most often inaccessible to blind students and professionals. This paper introduces GSK, a self-contained Graph SKetching tool that allows blind and sighted people to easily create, edit, and share graphs in real-time using interaction mechanisms (mouse, keyboard, monitor, screen reader) that are standard for them. GSK was successfully used by a blind Computer Science student and his sighted instructors to create and access graphs specific to his automata theory and operating systems courses. Our hope is that GSK will enable more blind STEM students and professionals to actively participate in their disciplines by providing them and their sighted colleagues with a cross-collaboration tool that allows them to share graphs just as easily as they share text and word processing documents.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“with one paper notably involving the blind student participant as co-author [5].”
From Where are the Disabled Students?: A Literature Review of Disability Inclusion in Computing Education Research (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Three of these papers even featured disabled author-participants, with blind students [5, 17] and a blind CS professional [47].”
From Where are the Disabled Students?: A Literature Review of Disability Inclusion in Computing Education Research (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Only one of these papers involved a disabled person as a participant and author [5].”
From Where are the Disabled Students?: A Literature Review of Disability Inclusion in Computing Education Research (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- 10.1006/jnca.1998.0060 · DOI
- 10.1145/1028630.1028639 · DOI
- Burgstahler , S. , and Cory , R . ( 2008 ). Universal design in higher education: From principles to practice . Cambridge, Mass : Harvard Education Press . Burgstahler, S., and Cory, R. (2008). Universal design in higher education: From principles to practice. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Education Press.
- 10.1145/1168987.1169046 · DOI
- 10.1145/2157136.2157190 · DOI
- 10.1145/228347.228357 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-540-27817-7_76 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1551-6708.1987.tb00863.x · DOI
- 10.1145/1269900.1268801 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Figueira, I., Cisneros, J. M., Weber, J. L., Sanka, W., Phan, K., Wong-Ma, J., & Branham, S. M. (2026) · Proceedings of the 57th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V.1 · doi:10.1145/3770762.3772561 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Balik, S. P., Mealin, S. P., Stallmann, M. F., & Rodman, R. D.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Venue
- Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2013-03-06
- Pages
- 221-226
- OpenAlex
- W2022912557
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- graph sketching, assistive technology, blind users, accessibility, node-link diagrams, screen readers, STEM education, automata theory, operating systems, real-time collaboration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
