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Unified form language: A domain-specific language for weak formulations of partial differential equations

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Alnæs, Martin S., Logg, Anders, Ølgaard, Kristian B., Rognes, Marie E., Wells, Garth N.·2014·ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software

Abstract

We present the Unified Form Language (UFL), which is a domain-specific language for representing weak formulations of partial differential equations with a view to numerical approximation. Features of UFL include support for variational forms and functionals, automatic differentiation of forms and expressions, arbitrary function space hierarchies for multifield problems, general differential operators and flexible tensor algebra. With these features, UFL has been used to effortlessly express finite element methods for complex systems of partial differential equations in near-mathematical notation, resulting in compact, intuitive and readable programs. We present in this work the language and its construction. An implementation of UFL is freely available as an open-source software library. The library generates abstract syntax tree representations of variational problems, which are used by other software libraries to generate concrete low-level implementations. Some application examples are presented and libraries that support UFL are highlighted.

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Metadata

Authors
Alnæs, M. S., Logg, A., Ølgaard, K. B., Rognes, M. E., & Wells, G. N.
Venue
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
Published
2014-02
Volume
40
Issue
2
Pages
1-37
ISSN
  • 0098-3500 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7295
OpenAlex
W2107979247
Cited by
615
References
33
FWCI
17.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Unified form language: A domain-specific language for weak formulations of partial differential equations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/2566630
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Alnæs, M. S., Logg, A., Ølgaard, K. B., Rognes, M. E., & Wells, G. N. (2014). Unified form language: A domain-specific language for weak formulations of partial differential equations. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software. https://doi.org/10.1145/2566630

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